Influence of Agroecology, Genotype, and Sex on Carcass Traits of Local Chickens in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate factors affecting carcass traits of local chickens in Bauchi State. A total of 414 matured birds (160 normal feathered, 114 frizzled, and 140 naked neck) of mixed sexes selected from different agroecologies of Bauchi State (Northern Guinea, Sudan, and Sahel Savannahs) were used to obtain the carcass traits of local chickens. The carcass parameters measured were carcass (CW), breast (BW), thigh and drumstick (TDW), back (BckW), wing (WW), giblet (GW), and head and shank weights (HSW). Data generated for the research were subjected to descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software. The results of the study showed that in all the three strains, giblet weight (GW) had the highest CV, while the least values were recorded on head and shank weight (HSW), wing weight (WW) and thigh and drumstick weight (TDW) in normal feathered (nana), frizzled (Ff) and naked neck (Nana), respectively (33.82 %; 26.36 %, 28.59 %; 15.11 % and 23.64 %; 11.68 % for nana, Ff and Nana, respectively). The agroecological zone had significant effect (p<0.05) on carcass traits. Local chickens found in Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) had the highest values, while the lowest were recorded in Sahel Savannah (ShS) of the State. In each of the agroecologies, naked neck (Nana) chickens had the highest (p<0.05) value for all the significantly affected traits compared to frizzled (Ff) and normal (nana) feathered birds. Sex-wise, cocks had higher values for all the significantly affected traits (p<0.05) than hens in each strain. Significant interaction effects (p<0.05) of agro-ecology by strain and agro-ecology by sex on CW, BW, TDW, BckW, WW, and GW were observed. Nana chickens found in the NGS zone of the State had the highest, while the lowest values were recorded in nana feathered hens found in the ShS. Cocks found in the NGS had the highest values for the same traits (CW, BW, TDW, BckW, WW, and GW), whereas hens found in ShS recorded the least. Non-significant variations of CW, BW, TDW, BckW, WW, GW, and HSW according to strain by sex interaction were, however observed. Conclusively, the findings of this study showed that carcass traits of local strains reared in different agro-ecological zones of Bauchi State varied widely, and Nana cocks found in NGS had higher values on all the variables recorded
Downloads
References
Abubakar, Y. A. (1974). The establishment and development of Emirate Government of Bauchi, 1805-1903. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Arhin, S. K., Buabeng, K. O., Teye, G. A., Donkoh, A. and Kusi, S. K. (2021). Carcass traits of indigenous chickens in Ghana. Poultry Science, 100(7), 10-18.
Bogale, K. (2008). In situ characterization of local chicken eco-type for functional traits and production system in Fogera district, Amhara regional state. Submitted to the Department of Animal Science, Haromiya University (M.Sc. Thesis).
Demeke, S., Tegegne, A., Leta, S. and Kefyalew, G. (2021). Prospects and challenges of indigenous chicken production in Ethiopia: A review. Agriculture and Food Security, 10(1): 1- 9.
Fotsa, J. C., Poné, D. K., Manjeli, Y. and Mafeni, M. J. (2008). Study of breeding systems and phenotypic description of local hens (Gallus gallus in the rural forest zone of Cameroon). Journal of Agricultural Science, 3 (1): 43-47.
Halima, H. (2007). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of indigenous chicken populations in northwest Ethiopia, Ph.D., Dissertation, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Pp:176.
Isidahomen, C. E., Ilori, B. M. and Akano, K. (2012). Genetic and sex differences in carcass traits of Nigerian indigenous chickens. Journal of Animal Science Advances, 2 (7): 637-648.
Jaturasitha, S., Kayan, A. and Wicke, M. (2008). Carcass and meat characteristics of male chickens between Thai indigenous compared with improved layer breeds and their crossbred. Archive of Animal Breeding, 51: 283-294.
Markos, S., Berhanu, B. and Tadelle, D. (2014). Incubation and Brooding Practices of Local Chicken Producers in Ethiopia: The Case of Western Zone of Tigray. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4 (25): 114-126.
Mignouna, B. D., Abdoulaye, T., Kamara, A. and Oluoch, M. (2013). Baseline study of smallholder farmers in Striga-infested maize and cowpea-growing areas of northern Nigeria. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp: 50.
Mohammed, M. A., Elhag, M. A. and El Zubeir, I. E. (2020). Carcass traits and meat quality of indigenous chicken ecotypes in Sudan. International Journal of Livestock Research, 10(7): 144-152.
Mwacharo, J. M., Nomura, K., Hanada, H., Jianlin, H., Amano, T., Hanotte, O. and Endo, H. (2017). Genetic diversity and conservation of indigenous chickens from selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Animal Genetics, 48(3): 322-332.
Mwai, O., Hanotte, O., Kwon, Y. J., Cho, S. and Yoo, D. (2021). Phenotypic and molecular diversity of indigenous chicken populations in Africa: implications for conservation and breeding. Animal Genetic Resources, 68: 71-90.
Nakyinsige, K., Man, Y. B. C., Sazili, A. Q. and Zulkifli, I. (2021). Carcass characteristics and meat quality of chicken: A review. International Journal of Food Properties, 24(1): 1691-1708.
Ndegwa, J. M., Msoffe, P. L. M., Kahi, A. K., Hanotte, O. and Sölkner, J. (2020). Genetic diversity and population structure of local chicken populations in Kenya. Genetics, 21(1): 1-13.
Nweke-Okorocha, G. O. and Gunn, H. H. (2022). Estimation of Body Weight Using Linear Body Measurements of Fulani Ecotype Chickens in The Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science, 9 (3): 15-22.
Nyameasem, J. K., Agyekum, M. M., Kombiok, J. M., Ayizanga, R. A. and Donkor, E. S. (2021). Socio-economic contribution of local chickens to rural households in Ghana. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 16(5): 832-841.
Osei-Amponsah, R., Kayang, B. B. and Naazie, A. (2012) Phenotypic and genetic parameters for production traits of local chickens in Ghana. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 53: 45-50.
Pikul, J., Doruchowski, W., Tanski, S. and Reksinki, J. (1987). Slaughter yield, carcass composition, chemical analysis and technological properties. http:// books, Google.Co. Za. / book.
Sodjinou, E., Henningsen, A., Koudande, D. and Bossé, J. T. (2016). Production characteristics of local chickens in Benin. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 48(5): 1039-1047.
Tadelle, D. (2003). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of chicken ecotypes in Ethiopia. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Humboldt University, Germany.
Tadelle, D., Million, T., Alemu, Y., Peters, K. J. and Rischkowsky, B. (2020). Phenotypic and genetic characterisation of chicken populations in Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 32(9): 171-180.
Teketel, F. (1986). Studies on the Meat Production Potentials of Some Local Strains of Chickens in Ethiopia. Ph.D. thesis presented to the University Giessen, Germany. Pp: 123-126.
Tesfahun, K., Simret, B. and Aberra, M. (2019). Assessment of morphological, egg quality and carcass characteristics of local and exotic chickens reared in two districts of Metekel Zone Ethiopia. Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary, 2 (12): 164-171.
Yapi-Gnaore, C. V., Loukou, N. É., N’Guetta, A. S. P., Kayang, B., Rognon, X., Tixier-Boichard, M., Touré, G., Coulibaly, Y. and Youssao, I. (2010). Diversités phénotypique et morphométrique des poulets locaux (Gallus gallus) de deux zones agroécologiques de Côte d’Ivoire. Cah. Agric., 19: 439-445.
Youssao, I. A. K., Tabada, P. C., Koutinhouin, B. G., Dahouda, M., Idrissou, N. D., Bonou, G. A., Tougan, U. P., Ahounou, S., Yapi-Gnaore, V., Kayang, B., Rognon, X. and Tixier-Boichard, M. (2010). Phenotypic characterization and molecular polymorphism of indigenous poultry populations of the species Gallus gallus of savannah and forest ecotypes of Benin. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (3): 379-391.
