Genetic Parameter Estimates of Growth Traits in Two Strains of Nigerian Indigenous Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) in Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria
Keywords:
Genetic Parameter Estimates, Growth Traits, Two Strains, Indigenous Turkey
Abstract
The current study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of growth traits in two strains of indigenous turkeys. The foundation stock consisted of 18 adult turkeys of two strains (black and white) that comprised of six males and twelve females each, grouped into two breeding units. Eggs were collected hatched and a total of 90 F1 poults were produced. At 8 weeks, six toms and twelve hens were selected while the others were maintained as control group. Body weight and linear body measurements of each poult were taken at four weeks’ interval in both generations. SAS package was used to estimate variance and covariance components. The results revealed that heritability estimates ranged from 0.01-0.80 and 0.02-0.89 in white and h2= 0.02-0.65 and 0.00-0.84 in black strains in generations one and two, respectively. The repeatability estimates ranged from 0.08-0.99. Higher estimates of heritability and repeatability were observed at early ages (4-20 weeks) in both strains and generations. Thus, breeders can select for improvement of growth at early ages (4-20 weeks) in both strains of turkey. Fewer records of growth traits are also needed to estimate response to selection in the black and white strains of Nigerian indigenous turkeys.
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References
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Aslam, M. L., John, W. M., Bastiaansen, R. P., Crooijmans, M. A., Bart, J., Ducro, A. V. and Martien, A. M. (2011). Genetic variances, heritabilities and maternal effects on body weight, breast meat yield, meat quality traits and the shape of the growth curve in turkey birds. Genetics, 12: 14.
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Dohm M. R. (2002) Repeatability estimates do not always set an upper limit to heritability. Functional Ecology, 16: 273-280.
Duncan D.B. (1955). New Multiple Range and Multiple F-test. Biometrics. 11: 1-14.
Durosaro, S. O., Ilori, B. M., Raheem, K. O., Adenaike, A. S., Olowofeso, O., Adebambo, A. O., Ajibike, A. B., and Ozoje, M. O. (2016). Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits at different ages in Nigerian indigenous turkeys. Bulletin of Animal Science Journal Health and Production in Africa, 64(3): 307-318.
Elamin, K. M., Yousif, I. A., Ahmed, M. K. A., Mohammed, S. A. and Tameem Eldar, A. A. (2012). Estimation of genetic, phynotypic and environmental parameters of morphometric traits in Sudanese Rabbit. Asian Journal of Animal Science, 6 (4): 174-181
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Ilori B. M., Durosaro, S. O., Isidahomen, C. E., Uthman, N. A., Komolafe, D. T., K. Akano, and M. O. Ozoje (2019). Effect of feather color on heat tolerance traits and growth performance of Nigerian indigenous turkey. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 20(2): 231-238.
Ilori, B. M., Akano, K., Durosaro, S. O., Adebambo, A. O. and Ozoje, M. O. (2016). Estimates of repeatability for growth traits of pure and crossbred turkeys in the tropics. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 43(1): 27-36.
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Nestor, K. E., Anderson, J. W., Patterson, R. A. and Velleman. S. G. (2006). Genetics of growth and reproduction in the turkey. Effect of repeated backcrossing of an egg line to a commercial sire line. Poultry Science, 85: 1550–1554.
NRC (1994). Nutrients Requirements of Poultry. 9th revised edition. National Academic Press, Washington D.C.
Oguntade, D. O., Ilori, B. M., Oyeniyi, T. and Durosaro, S. O. (2020). Repeatability Estimates of Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements of Improved Indigenous and Exotic Meat Type Chickens Reared in the Tropics. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 21(1): 230-238.
Ojedapo, L. O. (2013). Evaluation of Body Weight and Other Linear Parameters of Marshall Broiler for Repeatability Estimates. International Journal of Applied Agriculture and Apicultural Research, 175-181.
Ojewola, G. S., Udokainyang, A. D. and Obasi V. (2002). Growth, carcass and economic response of local turkey poults to various levels of dietary energy. In: V.A. Aletor and G.E. Onibi (eds.). Increasing household protein consumption through livestock products. Proceeding of the 27th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Science Journal Production at Federal University of Akure, 17-21 March, 167-169.
Okuda, U. E. (2013). Estimation of genetic parameters for egg production and alkaline phosphatase activity in Japanese quail. M.Sc Dissertation submitted to department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, ABU Zaria, Nigeria, Pp1-68.
Padhi, M. K. (2016). Importance of indigenous breeds of chicken for rural economy and their improvement for higher production performance. Hidawi Publishing Corperation Scientifica, 6:1-9
Sabra, Z. A. M., El-Sawy, M. A. and Samya, E. I. (2017). Genetic Evaluation for some Growth and Body Measurement Traits in Bronze Turkey Raised in Egypt. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 8(8): 303 – 309.
SAS (2002). Statistical Analysis System Institute. Users guide version 9 for windows. Cary North California USA.
Shettima, M. M., Kabir, M., Yahaya. H. K. and Iyiola-Tunji, A. O. (2022). Heterotic effects in F1 and F2 of crossing black and white strain of Nigerian indigenous turkeys. Nigerian Journal of Genetics, 36 (1): 30-40
Singh, H. and Moore, E. N. (1972). Livestock and poultry production. 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
Ubani, E. O. A., Adeyinka, I. A., Nwagu, B. I., Abeke, F. O., Sekoni, A. A., Out, M. O. and Iyiola-Tunji, A. O. (2011). Estimates of repeatability for some growth traits in naked neck broiler chickens. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production at University of Abuja, 13-16 March, pp. 48-50.
Willems, O. W., N. J. H., and Wood, B. J. (2014). Genetic analysis of production and feed efficiency traits in turkey line (Meleagris gallopavo). Poultry Science journal, 55: 715–719.
Aboul-Seoud, D. I. M. (2008). Divergent Selection for Growth and Egg Production Traits in Japanese quail. Ph.D Thesis .Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egyptian journal of Poultry Science, 20: 198.
Aslam, M. L., John, W. M., Bastiaansen, R. P., Crooijmans, M. A., Bart, J., Ducro, A. V. and Martien, A. M. (2011). Genetic variances, heritabilities and maternal effects on body weight, breast meat yield, meat quality traits and the shape of the growth curve in turkey birds. Genetics, 12: 14.
Becker, W. A. (1984). Manual of Quantitative Genetics. 4th ed. Academic Enterprises, Washington, United States of America.
Buss, E. G. (1989). Genetics of turkeys: Economic traits. World's Poultry Science Journal, 45:125-167.
Chana, I. M., Kabir, M., Orunmuyi, O. and Musa, A. A. (2019). Effect of Breed and Sex on Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 33(5): 1-5.
Daikwo, S. I., Dim, N. I. and Momoh, M. O. (2011). Hatching characteristics of Japanese quail eggs in a tropical environment. International Journal of Poultry Science, 10 (11): 876-878.
Dohm M. R. (2002) Repeatability estimates do not always set an upper limit to heritability. Functional Ecology, 16: 273-280.
Duncan D.B. (1955). New Multiple Range and Multiple F-test. Biometrics. 11: 1-14.
Durosaro, S. O., Ilori, B. M., Raheem, K. O., Adenaike, A. S., Olowofeso, O., Adebambo, A. O., Ajibike, A. B., and Ozoje, M. O. (2016). Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits at different ages in Nigerian indigenous turkeys. Bulletin of Animal Science Journal Health and Production in Africa, 64(3): 307-318.
Elamin, K. M., Yousif, I. A., Ahmed, M. K. A., Mohammed, S. A. and Tameem Eldar, A. A. (2012). Estimation of genetic, phynotypic and environmental parameters of morphometric traits in Sudanese Rabbit. Asian Journal of Animal Science, 6 (4): 174-181
Emamgholi Begli, H., Wood, B. J., Abdalla, E. A., Balzani, A., Willems, O., Schenkel, F., Harlander-Matauschek, A. and Baes C. F. (2019). Genetic parameters for clutch and broodiness traits in turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) and their relationship with body weight and egg production. Poultry Science, 98: 6263–6269.
Falconer, D. S. (1989). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (3rd ed.) Longman Group, Essex, England.
Fasina, F. O., Wai, M. D., Mohammed, S. N. and Onyekonkwu, O. N. (2007). Contribution of poultry production to household income: A case of Jos South Local Government in Nigeria. Family Poultry. 17: 30-34.
Harvey, W.R. (1966). Least Squares Analysis of Data with unequal subclass numbers. USDA ARS 20: 8.
Hodge, G. R. and White, T. L. (1992). Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits at different ages in Slash pine and some implications for breeding. Silvae Genetica, 41: 252-262.
Hoffman, I. (2005). Research and investment in poultry genetic resources challenges and options for sustainable use. World Poultry Science Journal, 61: 57-69.
IAR (2018). Institutes for Agricultural Research, Meteorological station. Samaru weather reports, Samaru office, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
Ibe, S. N. and Ezekwe, A. G. (1994). Quantifying size and shape differences between Muturu and N‘Dama breeds of cattle. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 21: 51-58.
Ilori B. M., Durosaro, S. O., Isidahomen, C. E., Uthman, N. A., Komolafe, D. T., K. Akano, and M. O. Ozoje (2019). Effect of feather color on heat tolerance traits and growth performance of Nigerian indigenous turkey. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 20(2): 231-238.
Ilori, B. M., Akano, K., Durosaro, S. O., Adebambo, A. O. and Ozoje, M. O. (2016). Estimates of repeatability for growth traits of pure and crossbred turkeys in the tropics. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 43(1): 27-36.
Kabir, M. H. Habred and I.M. Chana (2015). Body mass index (BMI) and production performance of two strains of unselected breeder turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Zaria, Nigeria. The 40th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), 15-19 March, 2015, held at NAPRI/ABU, Zaria Pp 1-4
Kabir, M., Akpa, G. N. and Yakubu, H. (2010). “Repeatability Estimates for Body Weight and Body Linear Measurements in Broiler Chickens”. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 12: 17-14.
Lande, R. and Shannon, S. (1996). The role of genetic variation in adaptation and population persistence in a changing environment. Evolution, 50: 434–437.
Nestor, K. E., Anderson, J. W., Patterson, R. A. and Velleman. S. G. (2006). Genetics of growth and reproduction in the turkey. Effect of repeated backcrossing of an egg line to a commercial sire line. Poultry Science, 85: 1550–1554.
NRC (1994). Nutrients Requirements of Poultry. 9th revised edition. National Academic Press, Washington D.C.
Oguntade, D. O., Ilori, B. M., Oyeniyi, T. and Durosaro, S. O. (2020). Repeatability Estimates of Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements of Improved Indigenous and Exotic Meat Type Chickens Reared in the Tropics. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 21(1): 230-238.
Ojedapo, L. O. (2013). Evaluation of Body Weight and Other Linear Parameters of Marshall Broiler for Repeatability Estimates. International Journal of Applied Agriculture and Apicultural Research, 175-181.
Ojewola, G. S., Udokainyang, A. D. and Obasi V. (2002). Growth, carcass and economic response of local turkey poults to various levels of dietary energy. In: V.A. Aletor and G.E. Onibi (eds.). Increasing household protein consumption through livestock products. Proceeding of the 27th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Science Journal Production at Federal University of Akure, 17-21 March, 167-169.
Okuda, U. E. (2013). Estimation of genetic parameters for egg production and alkaline phosphatase activity in Japanese quail. M.Sc Dissertation submitted to department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, ABU Zaria, Nigeria, Pp1-68.
Padhi, M. K. (2016). Importance of indigenous breeds of chicken for rural economy and their improvement for higher production performance. Hidawi Publishing Corperation Scientifica, 6:1-9
Sabra, Z. A. M., El-Sawy, M. A. and Samya, E. I. (2017). Genetic Evaluation for some Growth and Body Measurement Traits in Bronze Turkey Raised in Egypt. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 8(8): 303 – 309.
SAS (2002). Statistical Analysis System Institute. Users guide version 9 for windows. Cary North California USA.
Shettima, M. M., Kabir, M., Yahaya. H. K. and Iyiola-Tunji, A. O. (2022). Heterotic effects in F1 and F2 of crossing black and white strain of Nigerian indigenous turkeys. Nigerian Journal of Genetics, 36 (1): 30-40
Singh, H. and Moore, E. N. (1972). Livestock and poultry production. 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
Ubani, E. O. A., Adeyinka, I. A., Nwagu, B. I., Abeke, F. O., Sekoni, A. A., Out, M. O. and Iyiola-Tunji, A. O. (2011). Estimates of repeatability for some growth traits in naked neck broiler chickens. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production at University of Abuja, 13-16 March, pp. 48-50.
Willems, O. W., N. J. H., and Wood, B. J. (2014). Genetic analysis of production and feed efficiency traits in turkey line (Meleagris gallopavo). Poultry Science journal, 55: 715–719.
Published
2023-08-10
How to Cite
Shettima, M. M., Kabir, M., Yahaya, H. K., & Iyiola-Tunji, A.O. (2023). Genetic Parameter Estimates of Growth Traits in Two Strains of Nigerian Indigenous Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) in Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 6(2), 11 - 22. Retrieved from https://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/253
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