Determination of the Proximate Composition of Rice Offal Treated with Rumen Filtrate
Keywords:
Proximate composition, Rice offal, Rumen Filtrate, Unconventional, Nutritional quality
Abstract
Rice offal as an agro industrial by-product is widely available in tropical countries and is used in an attempt to meet the feeding requirements of farm animals. A major limitation to the use of rice offal is their high fibre content, low nitrogen and energy level. Therefore, treatment of rice offal with rumen filtrate can lead to significant improvement in nutritional quality and greater utilization. A study was conducted to determine the proximate composition of untreated and rice offal with rumen filtrate. The objective of the study was to improve the nutritional value of rice offal using rumen filtrate. The dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash, Nitrogen-free extract and Energy (kcal/kg) values are 92.64, 8.31, 33.42, 4.88, 14.97, 31.06 and 1809.28 for the rumen filtrate treated rice offal and 92.60, 3.94, 36.90, 5.87, 11.91, 33.98 and 1832.24 for the untreated rice offal, respectively. The treatment of rice offal with rumen filtrate has reduced its crude fibre content from 36.90 to 33.42 % and increased the value of crude protein from 3.94% to 8.31%. It is concluded that rumen filtrate appears to be as efficient as any other source of inoculums in the fermentation of rice offal. Therefore, the findings of this study will be beneficial to farmers as it will provide improved simple method of formulating local animal feeds using simple and cheap material like rice offal.
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References
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Maikano, A. (2007).Utilization of rice offal in practical ration of broilers. The Zoologist, 5:1-7.
Nguyen, N.T. and Nguyen, H.H. (1992). Solid state fermentation of manioc to increase protein content. In: Application of Biotechnology to Traditional Foods. BOSTID Reports, 73: 100-110.
Noomhorm, A.S., Llangitileke, S. and M.B. Bautista. (1992). Factors in the protein enrichment of cassava by solid state Fermentation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 58: 117-123.
Oboh, G. (2006). Nutrition enrichment of cassava peels using a mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus spp. solid media fermentation techniques. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 46-49.
Oboh, G. and Akindahunsi, A.A. (2003). Chemical changes in cassava peels fermented with mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus integrated bio-system. Applied Tropical Agriculture. 8:63-68.
Oluokun, J.A. and Olalokun, E.A. (1995). Effect of graded levels of brewers’ dried grains and kola pod meal on the performance characteristics and carcass quality of rabbits. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 26:17-77.
Oyawoye, E.O and Nelson, F.S. (1999). Optimum level of inclusion of rice offal in the diet of young cockerels. Proceedings of the Conference for Nigerian Society of Animal Production, 21st-25th March 1999 held at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria. Pp. 263-266.
Oyebanji, O.M. (1999). The use of sorghum panicle as a fibre source for growing rabbits. Bachelor of Agriculture Project. Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Wudiri, B.B. (1991). Production of cereal crops in Nigeria. From research to farmers’ fields. A seminar paper delivered to staff and students at the Plateau State College of Agriculture, Lafia. Pp. 32
Yakubu, B., Adegbola., T.A., Bogoro, S and Yussuf, H.B. (2007). Effect of urea-treated and untreated rice offal on the performance of broilers: Growth performances and economy of production. Journal of Sustainable Development in Agricultural Environment. 3: 7-13.
Abasiekong, S.F. (1991a). Effects of fermentation on crude protein of brewers dried grains and spent sorghum grains. Biochemical Research Technology, 35: 99-104.
Abasiekong, S.F. (1991b). Effects of fermentation on crude protein and fat contents of crushed grains of maize and sorghum. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 70: 391-393.
Abasiekong, S.F. (1997). Effect of termite culture on crude protein, fat and crude fibre contents of fibrous harvest residues. Bioresource Technology, 62(1-2):55-57.
Adeyemi, O.A. and Sipe, B.O. (2004). In-vitro improvement in the nutritional composition of whole cassava root-meal by rumen filtrate fermentation. Indian Journal of Animal Production, 28 (2):167 -173.
Adeyemi, O.A., Eruvbetine, D., Oguntona, E.B., Dipeolu, M.A. and Agunbiade, J.A. (2007). Enhancing the nutritional value of whole cassava root meal by rumen filtrate fermentation. Archivos de Zootecnia, 56: 261-264.
Adeyemi, O.A., Eruvbetine, D.T. Oguntona O, Dipeolu M.A. and Agunbiade J.A. (2004). Improvement in crude protein value of whole cassava root meal by rumen filtrate fermentation. In: Sustaining Livestock Production Under Changing Economic Fortunes Proceeding of 29th Annual Conference, Nigerian Society for Animal Production. Eds. H.M. Tukur, W.A. Pp. 249-252.
Ambasankar, K. and Chandrasekan, D. (2002). Feeding value of rice waste for layers and its effect on egg quality. India Veterinary Journal, 79:39-42.
Antai, S.P. and Mbongo, P.N. (1994). Utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 46:345-351.
Aro, S.O., Aletor, V.A., Tewe, O.O., Fajemisin, A.N., Usifo, B., and Falowo, A.B. (2008). Preliminary investigation on the nutrients, anti-nutrients and mineral composition of microbially fermrnted cassava starch residues. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), Ayetoro, Ogun State. Nigeria: Pp. 248-251.
Awesu, J.R., Bamgbose, A.M., Oduguwa, O.O., Fanimo A.O and Oguntona, E.B. (2002). Performance and nutrient utilization of cockerel finishers fed graded levels of rice milling waste. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 29:181-188.
Campbell-Platt, G. (1994). Fermented foods- a word perspective. Food Research International. 27:253-256.
Chen, C.C, Shih, Y.C, Chiou P.W.S, Yu, B (2010). Evaluating nutritional quality of single stage-fermented and two stage-fermented soybean meal. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23:598-606.
Dafwang, I.I. and Shwarmen, E.B.N. (1996). Effect of different levels of rice bran processed by various techniques on performance of broiler chicks. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 23:21 – 23.
Dairo, A.S. (1999). The influence of sorghum distillers waste on the performance of pigs. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. 26: 48-52.
Dairo, F.A.S., Aina, A., Omoyemi, L. and Adegun, M.K. (2011). Ensiled cassava peel and caged layers’ manure mixture as energy source in broiler starter diet. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1:519-524.
Dhilon, J.K and Shirvaran, N. (1999). Biogedradation of cyanide compound by a pseudomonas species. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 45:201-208.
Islam, M.R.M., Ishida, S. and Nishida, T. (2002). In situ dry matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus disappearance of different feeds for ruminants. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 15:793-796
Khaleduzzaman, M.N. and Bostami, O. (2009). Nutrient digestibility and growth rate of bull calves fed rice straw treated with wood ash extract. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science, 38(1-2):42-52.
Kim B.N, Yang J.L. and Song Y.S (1999). Physiological functions of chongkukjang. Food Industry and Nutrition, 4:40-46.
Maikano, A. (2007).Utilization of rice offal in practical ration of broilers. The Zoologist, 5:1-7.
Nguyen, N.T. and Nguyen, H.H. (1992). Solid state fermentation of manioc to increase protein content. In: Application of Biotechnology to Traditional Foods. BOSTID Reports, 73: 100-110.
Noomhorm, A.S., Llangitileke, S. and M.B. Bautista. (1992). Factors in the protein enrichment of cassava by solid state Fermentation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 58: 117-123.
Oboh, G. (2006). Nutrition enrichment of cassava peels using a mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus spp. solid media fermentation techniques. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 46-49.
Oboh, G. and Akindahunsi, A.A. (2003). Chemical changes in cassava peels fermented with mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus integrated bio-system. Applied Tropical Agriculture. 8:63-68.
Oluokun, J.A. and Olalokun, E.A. (1995). Effect of graded levels of brewers’ dried grains and kola pod meal on the performance characteristics and carcass quality of rabbits. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 26:17-77.
Oyawoye, E.O and Nelson, F.S. (1999). Optimum level of inclusion of rice offal in the diet of young cockerels. Proceedings of the Conference for Nigerian Society of Animal Production, 21st-25th March 1999 held at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria. Pp. 263-266.
Oyebanji, O.M. (1999). The use of sorghum panicle as a fibre source for growing rabbits. Bachelor of Agriculture Project. Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Wudiri, B.B. (1991). Production of cereal crops in Nigeria. From research to farmers’ fields. A seminar paper delivered to staff and students at the Plateau State College of Agriculture, Lafia. Pp. 32
Yakubu, B., Adegbola., T.A., Bogoro, S and Yussuf, H.B. (2007). Effect of urea-treated and untreated rice offal on the performance of broilers: Growth performances and economy of production. Journal of Sustainable Development in Agricultural Environment. 3: 7-13.
Published
2020-10-24
How to Cite
Tiough, S.M., Kpehe, A. T., Shaahu, D.T., Mashi, A.M., & Sarwuan, G.D. (2020). Determination of the Proximate Composition of Rice Offal Treated with Rumen Filtrate. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 3(3), 101 - 106. Retrieved from https://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/111
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