Blood Metabolites of Yankasa Rams Fed Ensiled Sugarcane Waste with Poultry Litter
Keywords:
Yankasa rams, Ensiled Sugarcane Waste, Heamotology and serum biochemical parameters
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding ensiled sugarcane waste (ESCW) fortified with poultry litter (PL) to Yankasa rams on blood metabolites. Sugarcane waste was mixed with poultry litter in 3:1 and ensiled for 21 days. The ESCW was used as partial replacement in complete diet. A total of sixteen (16) Yankasa rams (mean initial BW 28.94 ± 5.77 kg). The rams were allotted to the four groups on the basis of body weights into control group without ESCW (CG) as treatment groups (T1) partially replaced with ESCW at 15% (T2), 30% (T3) and 45% (T4) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for 84 days. The results of haematology showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences between the treatments in neutrophils (44.00 – 39.33%), eosinophils (6.67 – 4.67%) and lymphocytes 55.67 – 47.67%). The results of serum biochemistry showed that significant (P<0.05) differences exist only in alanine amino transferase and bilirubin. However, the values were within the normal physiological range for rams. In conclusion, the values for heamotology and serum biochemical parameters were within the range for healthy rams. It is recommended that ESCW could be included in diet of Yankasa rams in a complete diet for up to 45% level without causing a problem to the health of the rams.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Aliyu, I. D., Maigandi, S. A, Muhammad, I. R. and Garba, Y. (2012). Haematological indices and blood urea nitrogen of Yankasa ram lambs fed urea poultry droppings and or urea treated Pennisetum pedicellatum (Kyasuwa Grass). Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 20 (1): 39 – 43. ISSN0794 – 5698.
Amel, O. B., Mariam, S. A., Ehsan, A. S., El-Badwi, M. A. S. (2006). Some biochemical values in the young and adult sundaneese geese, Anser anser. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 5:24-26.
Aruwayo, A., Maigandi, S. A. and Malami, B. S. (2013). Economics of feeding fore – stomach digesta and poultry litter waste alone or in mixtures to Uda rams. In: Akpa, G. N., Dairo, F. A. S., Bawa, G. S., Solomon, I. P., Amaefuele, K. U., Odunsi, A. A., and Ladokon, A. O. (eds.) Industry Standards and Regulations: A tool for Improved Productivity in Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN), 8th – 12th September held at National Center for Women Development, Tafawa Balewa Street, Central Business District, Garki Abuja, Nigeria. Pp 120 – 123.
Burris, R. H., Niedermeier, R. P. and Sund, J. M. (2019). "Watch Out For Silage Gas!". National Agricultural Safety Database. Retrieved April 26.
Coles, E. H. (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 4th Edition. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Fajemisin, A. N., Fadiyamu, A. A. and Alokan, J. A. (2010a). Nitrogen retention and haematological indices of West African Dwarf rams fed sun dried and fermented rumen digesta and cage hen droppings diets. In: O. J. Babayemi, O. A. Abu and E. O. Ewuola (eds.) Fast – Tracking Animal Agriculture in a Challenged Economy. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP) 14th - 17th March, held at University Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp 604 – 607.
Frandson, R. D. and Spurgeon, T. L. (1992). Anatomy and physiology of farm animals 4th edition. Lea and Febiger, London
Girgiri, A. Y., Abubakar, S. M., Medugu, C. I., Saleh, B. and Gure, M. M. (2013). Heamato-biochemical indices of Yankasa rams fed varying levels of Doum palm (Hyphaenethebaica L) meal. In: Akpa, G. N., Dairo, F. A. S., Bawa, G. S., Solomon, I. P., Amaefuele, K. U., Odunsi, A. A., and Ladokon, A. O. (eds.) Industry Standards and Regulations: A tool for Improved Productivity in Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN), 8th – 12th September held at National Center for Women Development, Tafawa Balewa Street, Central Business District, Garki Abuja, Nigeria. Pp 379 – 382.
Guache, P., Lemoullac, B., Bleiberg-Daniel, F., Aubert, R. and Flament, C. (1991). Changes in rat plasma apoliopoproteins and lipoproteins during moderate protein deficiency: Potential use in the assessment of nutritional status. Journal of Nutrition 121(5): 653-662.
Hoder, M. and Rej, R. (1983). Alanine transaminase. In: Bergmeyer, H. U. Bergmeyer, J. and Grassl, M. (eds.) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 3rd Edition. Weinhein rerlag cheme, 3: 416 – 433.
Jain, N. C. (1993). Essentials of Veterinary Haematology. Lea and Ferbeiger, Pennsylvania USA pp7.
Kohen, R. A. and Allen, M. S. (1995). Enrichment of proteolitic activity relative to nitrogen in preparation from the rumen for in vitro studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 52 (1/2): 1 – 14.
Liu, J. and Guo, J. (2012). Animal production base on crop residues. National Breeding Stock Import and Export Cooperation. Zhejiang University China. File: /E:/ Chapter 4- Ensiling Crop Residues. Htm.
Makun, H. J., Otaru, S. M. and Dunga, D. D. (2013). Effect of Management practices on milk yield and live weight changes of indigenous Breeds of Goats Supplemented with Groundnut haulms and Concentrate in Sub Humid Zone of Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science, 11(1): 45-50.
McDonald, P., Edward, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D. and Morgan, C.A. (1998). Animal Nutrition, 5th Ed, Longman, London.
Merk Vetrinary Manual (2016). Merk and the Merk Vetrinary Manual. Merk and Co. inc. Keilworth. New Jersey, USA. Accessed on 15 march 2019.
Muhammad, I. R. and Kallah, M. S. (2013). The need for establishment of grazing reserve and stock route commission, A position paper to Honorable members of House of Representative of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, at the public Hearing of the bill of an act to provide the ‘ Establishment of National Grazing Reserve and stock Route and creation of a National Grazing Reserve Commission for managing National Grazing Route and Reserve in all parts of the Nation for incidental matters on Tuesday 4th June 2013 at the speakers Conference Hall, House of Reps new building, National Assembly Abuja’.
Olofin, E. A, Nabegu, A.B, Dambazau A.M. (2008). Wudil Within Kano Region A geographical synthesis, A publication of the Department of Geography, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil.
Oni, O. (2006). Investing in Cattle Fattening: An Article Presented in the Internet by Business Day Media Limited.
Peter, T., Biamonte, G. T. and Doumas, B. T. (1982). Protein (total proein) in serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluids; Albumin in serum. In: Paulker, W. R and Meotes, (eds.) Selected method of clinical chemistry 9: 1-7. American Association for clinical chemistry, Washington, D. C.
Rusdy, M. (2016). Elephant grass as forage for ruminant animals, Department of forage crop and grass land management, Faculty Animal Science, Husanuddin University Indonesia, Livestock Research for Rural Development, http://Irrd.org>usd28049.
SAS. (2010). Statistical Analysis System SASSTAT. Guide for Journal Computers Version 6th edition cary N. C. USA, pp 967-978.
Schoenion, S. (2003). An Introduction of feeding small ruminants. Western Maryland Cooperative Extension. Pp 211 – 212.
Stone, S. H. (1954). Method of obtaining venous blood from the orbital sinus of rat or mouse. Science, 119: 100 – 102.
Tanis, R. J. and Naylor, A. W. (1968). Physical and chemical studies of a low molecular weight form of cheese. Biochemical Journal, 108:771.
Wikihow (2013). How to study haematology. Wikihow. Edited by Yemi, Oyo, B R Flickety, Teresa and Others. Available at: www.wikiho.com>home>categories>educationandcommunications>subjects>science
Woolford, M. K. (2000). The Silage Fermentation, Forage Technical Bulletin. Marcel Dekker, Inc: New York, NY. 23 - 59.
Amel, O. B., Mariam, S. A., Ehsan, A. S., El-Badwi, M. A. S. (2006). Some biochemical values in the young and adult sundaneese geese, Anser anser. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 5:24-26.
Aruwayo, A., Maigandi, S. A. and Malami, B. S. (2013). Economics of feeding fore – stomach digesta and poultry litter waste alone or in mixtures to Uda rams. In: Akpa, G. N., Dairo, F. A. S., Bawa, G. S., Solomon, I. P., Amaefuele, K. U., Odunsi, A. A., and Ladokon, A. O. (eds.) Industry Standards and Regulations: A tool for Improved Productivity in Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN), 8th – 12th September held at National Center for Women Development, Tafawa Balewa Street, Central Business District, Garki Abuja, Nigeria. Pp 120 – 123.
Burris, R. H., Niedermeier, R. P. and Sund, J. M. (2019). "Watch Out For Silage Gas!". National Agricultural Safety Database. Retrieved April 26.
Coles, E. H. (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 4th Edition. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Fajemisin, A. N., Fadiyamu, A. A. and Alokan, J. A. (2010a). Nitrogen retention and haematological indices of West African Dwarf rams fed sun dried and fermented rumen digesta and cage hen droppings diets. In: O. J. Babayemi, O. A. Abu and E. O. Ewuola (eds.) Fast – Tracking Animal Agriculture in a Challenged Economy. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP) 14th - 17th March, held at University Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp 604 – 607.
Frandson, R. D. and Spurgeon, T. L. (1992). Anatomy and physiology of farm animals 4th edition. Lea and Febiger, London
Girgiri, A. Y., Abubakar, S. M., Medugu, C. I., Saleh, B. and Gure, M. M. (2013). Heamato-biochemical indices of Yankasa rams fed varying levels of Doum palm (Hyphaenethebaica L) meal. In: Akpa, G. N., Dairo, F. A. S., Bawa, G. S., Solomon, I. P., Amaefuele, K. U., Odunsi, A. A., and Ladokon, A. O. (eds.) Industry Standards and Regulations: A tool for Improved Productivity in Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN), 8th – 12th September held at National Center for Women Development, Tafawa Balewa Street, Central Business District, Garki Abuja, Nigeria. Pp 379 – 382.
Guache, P., Lemoullac, B., Bleiberg-Daniel, F., Aubert, R. and Flament, C. (1991). Changes in rat plasma apoliopoproteins and lipoproteins during moderate protein deficiency: Potential use in the assessment of nutritional status. Journal of Nutrition 121(5): 653-662.
Hoder, M. and Rej, R. (1983). Alanine transaminase. In: Bergmeyer, H. U. Bergmeyer, J. and Grassl, M. (eds.) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 3rd Edition. Weinhein rerlag cheme, 3: 416 – 433.
Jain, N. C. (1993). Essentials of Veterinary Haematology. Lea and Ferbeiger, Pennsylvania USA pp7.
Kohen, R. A. and Allen, M. S. (1995). Enrichment of proteolitic activity relative to nitrogen in preparation from the rumen for in vitro studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 52 (1/2): 1 – 14.
Liu, J. and Guo, J. (2012). Animal production base on crop residues. National Breeding Stock Import and Export Cooperation. Zhejiang University China. File: /E:/ Chapter 4- Ensiling Crop Residues. Htm.
Makun, H. J., Otaru, S. M. and Dunga, D. D. (2013). Effect of Management practices on milk yield and live weight changes of indigenous Breeds of Goats Supplemented with Groundnut haulms and Concentrate in Sub Humid Zone of Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science, 11(1): 45-50.
McDonald, P., Edward, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D. and Morgan, C.A. (1998). Animal Nutrition, 5th Ed, Longman, London.
Merk Vetrinary Manual (2016). Merk and the Merk Vetrinary Manual. Merk and Co. inc. Keilworth. New Jersey, USA. Accessed on 15 march 2019.
Muhammad, I. R. and Kallah, M. S. (2013). The need for establishment of grazing reserve and stock route commission, A position paper to Honorable members of House of Representative of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, at the public Hearing of the bill of an act to provide the ‘ Establishment of National Grazing Reserve and stock Route and creation of a National Grazing Reserve Commission for managing National Grazing Route and Reserve in all parts of the Nation for incidental matters on Tuesday 4th June 2013 at the speakers Conference Hall, House of Reps new building, National Assembly Abuja’.
Olofin, E. A, Nabegu, A.B, Dambazau A.M. (2008). Wudil Within Kano Region A geographical synthesis, A publication of the Department of Geography, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil.
Oni, O. (2006). Investing in Cattle Fattening: An Article Presented in the Internet by Business Day Media Limited.
Peter, T., Biamonte, G. T. and Doumas, B. T. (1982). Protein (total proein) in serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluids; Albumin in serum. In: Paulker, W. R and Meotes, (eds.) Selected method of clinical chemistry 9: 1-7. American Association for clinical chemistry, Washington, D. C.
Rusdy, M. (2016). Elephant grass as forage for ruminant animals, Department of forage crop and grass land management, Faculty Animal Science, Husanuddin University Indonesia, Livestock Research for Rural Development, http://Irrd.org>usd28049.
SAS. (2010). Statistical Analysis System SASSTAT. Guide for Journal Computers Version 6th edition cary N. C. USA, pp 967-978.
Schoenion, S. (2003). An Introduction of feeding small ruminants. Western Maryland Cooperative Extension. Pp 211 – 212.
Stone, S. H. (1954). Method of obtaining venous blood from the orbital sinus of rat or mouse. Science, 119: 100 – 102.
Tanis, R. J. and Naylor, A. W. (1968). Physical and chemical studies of a low molecular weight form of cheese. Biochemical Journal, 108:771.
Wikihow (2013). How to study haematology. Wikihow. Edited by Yemi, Oyo, B R Flickety, Teresa and Others. Available at: www.wikiho.com>home>categories>educationandcommunications>subjects>science
Woolford, M. K. (2000). The Silage Fermentation, Forage Technical Bulletin. Marcel Dekker, Inc: New York, NY. 23 - 59.
Published
2025-07-18
How to Cite
Ashiru, R. M., Sariyyu, S., Abdulhamid, S. U., Galadima, N. M., Kakudi, I. A., Abdullahi, R., Sani, I., Wudil, A. A., Abubakar, M. M., & Shehu, S. A. (2025). Blood Metabolites of Yankasa Rams Fed Ensiled Sugarcane Waste with Poultry Litter. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 8(1), 27 - 35. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/403
Section
Articles
