Haemoglobin Polymorphism of Indigenous Pig Populations of Nigeria
Keywords:
Haemoglobin, genetic diversity, genetic distance, indigenous pig
Abstract
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the haemoglobin polymorphism of indigenous pig populations of Nigeria. A total of 216 pigs, 72from each of humid forest, guinea savannah and Sudan savannah agro-ecological zones were sampled for blood haemoglobin polymorphism analysis. Separation of plasma and red blood cell proteins were determined in cellulose acetate paper electrophoresis. The degree of heterozygosity (H) and deviation from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) values were estimated. Genetic variations in the studied populations were expressed as heterozygosity (H), effective number of alleles (ne) and percentage polymorphism (%P) in the male and female. All three populations analysed for haemoglobin locus were polymorphic. Two co-dominant alleles (HbA and HbB) which control two genotypes (HbAA and HbAB) of Hb polymorphic locus were observed. Deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and deficiency of heterozygosities were observed in all the populations. The estimated average heterozygosities ranged between 0.231 to 0.500, heterozygote deficit FIT was estimated at 0.108 while within breed deficit as evaluated by FIS ranged from 0.052 to 0.564. The mean fixation index FST (0.018) revealed that genetic diversity within the studied population was moderately differentiated. Genetic distance among the populations quantified through calculation of Nei genetic distance ranged from 0.015 - 0.986. The result obtained may be used as an initial guide in defining objectives for future investigations of genetic integrity and developing conservation strategies for Nigeria indigenous pigs.
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References
Reference
Adediran, A., Oke, B., Ogunnaike, O. and Fasina, O. (2019). Genetic diversity in albumin genes and genotypes of Kwara State pig (Phacochoerus africanus) ecotypes in Nigeria. Journal of Animal Science, 97(10):4131-4142.
Ajayi, I. A., Olayemi, F. O. and Adetunji, M. O. (2013). Relationships in morphometric traits and blood parameters among chicken breeds. Nigerian Journal of Poultry Science, 1(1):58-66.
Ajibike, A. B., Basbatunde, M. I., Olufemi, A. and Awodiya, B. M. (2020). Assessing the genetic diversity of South-western Nigerian indigenous Pig (Sus scorfa) using mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence. Tropical Journal of Animal Science 22(3):1- 9.
Akinyemi, A. J. and Salako, A. E. (2012). Genetic diversity and characterization of some Nigerian indigenous pigs based on blood protein markers. Animal Genetic Resources, 50:33-40.
Arora, S., Taneja, M. and Bhattacharya, T. K. (2011). DNA based technologies for genetic characterization of livestock in developing countries: Current status and prospects. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(21): 4210-4217.
Chen, L., Liu, Y. and Zhang, P. (2019). Heterozygosity and genetic variability in Chinese indigenous pig breeds. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 136(2): 196-204.
Diez, T., Hernández, M. and Luna, M. (2017). Genetic diversity and population structure of Spanish local pigs. Journal of Animal Genetics, 45(2): 141-152.
Fatai, K. A., Adebambo, O. A. and Ideriah, T.R. (2017).The distribution of haemoglobin and other blood markers in Nigerian local turkeys.Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 186: 36-41.
Gambo, D., Momoh, O.M., Gwaza, D.S., Ogah, D.M., Ubu, I., Agbu, C.S. and Abdullahi, J.(2020). Biochemical Characterization of Two Nigerian Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes. East African Scholars Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics, 3: 2663-7286
Gambo, D., Abdullahi, A., Garba, A., and Musa, M. (2020). Transferrin polymorphism and its association with fertility in Nigerian indigenous chickens. Journal of Animal Science, 98(5): 2595-2604.
Gao, X., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. and Li, J. (2018). Genetic diversity and population structure of various pig breeds using whole genomic sequencing markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 46(2): 125-134.
Gao, Y., Sun, W. and Wang, Y. (2020). Carbonic anhydrase genotypes in domestic pigs: Adaptation and implications for breeding. Journal of Animal Science, 98(1): 131-139.
Huang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Li, M. and Wang, Y. (2012). Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese miniature pig populations. Journal of Animal Science, 90(5): 2601-2612.
Ige, A. O., Tiamiyu, S. A. and Munde, A. J. (2013). Comparison of blood protein polymorphism in two ecotypes of Nigerian chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production,45(1): 33- 40.
Liu, Y., Jin, H., and Liu, H. (2017). Comparative study of blood protein polymorphism in Chinese pig breeds. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(8): 1138- 1145.
Miller, M. P. (1997). Tools for Population Genetic Analysis (TFPGA). Department of Biology, Indiana University.
Nei, M. (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences, 70(12): 3321-3323.
Nei, M. (1987). Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press.
Nei, M. (1976). Genetic distance and its relationship with genetic variation. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 9(2): 135-144.
Nwagu, E. N. and Obasi, N. (2021). Ecological zone-specific variations in haemoglobin alleles among pig populations. African Journal of Biotechnology, 20(5):123-134.
Nwanchukwu, M., Igwebuike, E. and Nwosu, V. (2022). Haemoglobin genotypes and alleles in Nigerian indigenous Duroc pig populations. Journal of Animal Science, 100(2): 531-538.
Nwosu, O. and Eze, C. (2019). Haemoglobin patterns among pigs from different ecological zones of Imo State. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 46(2): 150-162.
Olaogun, O. O. and Ozoje, M. O. (2018). Genetic variability of pig populations based on haemoglobin allele frequencies. Small Ruminant Research, 165: 80-86.
Oguntunji, E. and Ayorinde, O. (2015). Biochemical markers for genetic diversity analysis in Nigerian goat breeds. Journal of Agricultural Science, 143(2): 147-155.
Omoregie, F. and Bassey, E. (2024). Genetic diversity and population structure of various pig breeds using albumin gene markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 44(2): 125-134.
Perez-Enciso, M., Rodriguez-Gonzalez, J. and Gomez-Raya, L. (2017). Genetic diversity and population structure of Iberian pig breeds using protein-coding loci. Journal of Animal Genetics, 46(2): 125-134.
RIKEN, (2006). Genetic quality monitoring by biochemical isoenzymes. Riken bioresource Centre.
Takenazi, A. and Nei, M. (1996). Estimation of genetic distances and gene flow from F-statistics. Genetics Research, 67(2):153-164.
Tian, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Li, M. and Wang, Y. (2017). Genetic diversity and population structure of various pig breeds using albumin gene markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 44(2): 125-134.
Ubu, I., Momoh, O.M., Ahemen, T., Ukwu, O.H., Yakubu, A. and Gambo, D. (2021). Biochemical Characterization of Indigenous Turkey of Nigeria using Blood Protein Polymorphism. East African Scholars Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics 3(2):53-57.
Ubu, I., Momoh, O.M., Ahemen, T., Gambo, D. and Yakubu, A. (2023). Genetic Diversity of Indigenous Turkey of Nigeria Using Blood Protein Polymorphism. Nigerian Journal of Genetics 37(1):14-20.
Wang, X., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. and Li, J. (2019). Albumin gene polymorphism and its association with growth traits in Chinese pigs using PCR-RFLP markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 47(2): 141-150.
Wright, S. (1978). Evolution and the genetics of populations: Volume 4. Variability within and among natural populations. University of Chicago Press. pp 24-28.
Yakubu, A. and Aya, A. (2012). Blood protein polymorphism in indigenous chickens of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 14(1):35-42.
Yeh, F. C., Boyle, T., Goudet, J. and Plants, J. (1999). POPGENE version 1.31: Microsoft Windows-based freeware for population genetic analysis. University of Alberta.
Zhang, W., Zhang, W., Yang, J., Zhang, Y. and Huang, Y. (2018). Transferrin polymorphism and its association with fertility in Chinese pig breeds using PCR-RFLP markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 48(2):129-138.
Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Yang, J., Zhang, Y. and Huang, Y. (2019). Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese pig breeds using whole genomic sequencing markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 50(2): 141-152
Adediran, A., Oke, B., Ogunnaike, O. and Fasina, O. (2019). Genetic diversity in albumin genes and genotypes of Kwara State pig (Phacochoerus africanus) ecotypes in Nigeria. Journal of Animal Science, 97(10):4131-4142.
Ajayi, I. A., Olayemi, F. O. and Adetunji, M. O. (2013). Relationships in morphometric traits and blood parameters among chicken breeds. Nigerian Journal of Poultry Science, 1(1):58-66.
Ajibike, A. B., Basbatunde, M. I., Olufemi, A. and Awodiya, B. M. (2020). Assessing the genetic diversity of South-western Nigerian indigenous Pig (Sus scorfa) using mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence. Tropical Journal of Animal Science 22(3):1- 9.
Akinyemi, A. J. and Salako, A. E. (2012). Genetic diversity and characterization of some Nigerian indigenous pigs based on blood protein markers. Animal Genetic Resources, 50:33-40.
Arora, S., Taneja, M. and Bhattacharya, T. K. (2011). DNA based technologies for genetic characterization of livestock in developing countries: Current status and prospects. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(21): 4210-4217.
Chen, L., Liu, Y. and Zhang, P. (2019). Heterozygosity and genetic variability in Chinese indigenous pig breeds. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 136(2): 196-204.
Diez, T., Hernández, M. and Luna, M. (2017). Genetic diversity and population structure of Spanish local pigs. Journal of Animal Genetics, 45(2): 141-152.
Fatai, K. A., Adebambo, O. A. and Ideriah, T.R. (2017).The distribution of haemoglobin and other blood markers in Nigerian local turkeys.Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 186: 36-41.
Gambo, D., Momoh, O.M., Gwaza, D.S., Ogah, D.M., Ubu, I., Agbu, C.S. and Abdullahi, J.(2020). Biochemical Characterization of Two Nigerian Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes. East African Scholars Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics, 3: 2663-7286
Gambo, D., Abdullahi, A., Garba, A., and Musa, M. (2020). Transferrin polymorphism and its association with fertility in Nigerian indigenous chickens. Journal of Animal Science, 98(5): 2595-2604.
Gao, X., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. and Li, J. (2018). Genetic diversity and population structure of various pig breeds using whole genomic sequencing markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 46(2): 125-134.
Gao, Y., Sun, W. and Wang, Y. (2020). Carbonic anhydrase genotypes in domestic pigs: Adaptation and implications for breeding. Journal of Animal Science, 98(1): 131-139.
Huang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Li, M. and Wang, Y. (2012). Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese miniature pig populations. Journal of Animal Science, 90(5): 2601-2612.
Ige, A. O., Tiamiyu, S. A. and Munde, A. J. (2013). Comparison of blood protein polymorphism in two ecotypes of Nigerian chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production,45(1): 33- 40.
Liu, Y., Jin, H., and Liu, H. (2017). Comparative study of blood protein polymorphism in Chinese pig breeds. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(8): 1138- 1145.
Miller, M. P. (1997). Tools for Population Genetic Analysis (TFPGA). Department of Biology, Indiana University.
Nei, M. (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences, 70(12): 3321-3323.
Nei, M. (1987). Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press.
Nei, M. (1976). Genetic distance and its relationship with genetic variation. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 9(2): 135-144.
Nwagu, E. N. and Obasi, N. (2021). Ecological zone-specific variations in haemoglobin alleles among pig populations. African Journal of Biotechnology, 20(5):123-134.
Nwanchukwu, M., Igwebuike, E. and Nwosu, V. (2022). Haemoglobin genotypes and alleles in Nigerian indigenous Duroc pig populations. Journal of Animal Science, 100(2): 531-538.
Nwosu, O. and Eze, C. (2019). Haemoglobin patterns among pigs from different ecological zones of Imo State. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 46(2): 150-162.
Olaogun, O. O. and Ozoje, M. O. (2018). Genetic variability of pig populations based on haemoglobin allele frequencies. Small Ruminant Research, 165: 80-86.
Oguntunji, E. and Ayorinde, O. (2015). Biochemical markers for genetic diversity analysis in Nigerian goat breeds. Journal of Agricultural Science, 143(2): 147-155.
Omoregie, F. and Bassey, E. (2024). Genetic diversity and population structure of various pig breeds using albumin gene markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 44(2): 125-134.
Perez-Enciso, M., Rodriguez-Gonzalez, J. and Gomez-Raya, L. (2017). Genetic diversity and population structure of Iberian pig breeds using protein-coding loci. Journal of Animal Genetics, 46(2): 125-134.
RIKEN, (2006). Genetic quality monitoring by biochemical isoenzymes. Riken bioresource Centre.
Takenazi, A. and Nei, M. (1996). Estimation of genetic distances and gene flow from F-statistics. Genetics Research, 67(2):153-164.
Tian, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Li, M. and Wang, Y. (2017). Genetic diversity and population structure of various pig breeds using albumin gene markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 44(2): 125-134.
Ubu, I., Momoh, O.M., Ahemen, T., Ukwu, O.H., Yakubu, A. and Gambo, D. (2021). Biochemical Characterization of Indigenous Turkey of Nigeria using Blood Protein Polymorphism. East African Scholars Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics 3(2):53-57.
Ubu, I., Momoh, O.M., Ahemen, T., Gambo, D. and Yakubu, A. (2023). Genetic Diversity of Indigenous Turkey of Nigeria Using Blood Protein Polymorphism. Nigerian Journal of Genetics 37(1):14-20.
Wang, X., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. and Li, J. (2019). Albumin gene polymorphism and its association with growth traits in Chinese pigs using PCR-RFLP markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 47(2): 141-150.
Wright, S. (1978). Evolution and the genetics of populations: Volume 4. Variability within and among natural populations. University of Chicago Press. pp 24-28.
Yakubu, A. and Aya, A. (2012). Blood protein polymorphism in indigenous chickens of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 14(1):35-42.
Yeh, F. C., Boyle, T., Goudet, J. and Plants, J. (1999). POPGENE version 1.31: Microsoft Windows-based freeware for population genetic analysis. University of Alberta.
Zhang, W., Zhang, W., Yang, J., Zhang, Y. and Huang, Y. (2018). Transferrin polymorphism and its association with fertility in Chinese pig breeds using PCR-RFLP markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 48(2):129-138.
Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Yang, J., Zhang, Y. and Huang, Y. (2019). Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese pig breeds using whole genomic sequencing markers. Journal of Animal Genetics, 50(2): 141-152
How to Cite
I. Ubu1, O. H. Osaiyuwu2, & E.B. Bakpo3. (1). Haemoglobin Polymorphism of Indigenous Pig Populations of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 8(4), 106 - 115. Retrieved from https://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/529
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