Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization of Growing Yankasa Rams
Keywords:
Feed additive, Growth changes, Digestibility, Sheep
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of probiotic supplementation on dry matter intake, digestibility, nutritive values and nitrogen utilization and growth performance of growing sheep. Fifteen (15) growing Yankasa lambs weighing 16.3 ± 0.15 kg were assigned randomly into three groups, each with five animals in a completely randomized design. The animals in the control group (PSD0.0) were offered threshed sorghum based diet concentrate feed mixture (TCFM) without probiotic supplementation, while animals in groups PSD0.1 and PSD0.2 were fed the same control diet supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2 kg commercial probiotic, respectively. The experiment lasted for 83 days, and feed intake, digestibility, nutritive value, nitrogen utilization; growth performance and feed conversion ratio were measured. The results showed that sheep placed on PSD0.2 diet had higher (P<0.05) dry matter intake (104 g/kgW0.75), organic matter intake (102 g/kg W0.75), digestibility (754 g/kg), growth performance (101 g/kg), Feed conversion ratio (20.25) and nitrogen intake (27.0 g/d), nitrogen retention (19.80g/d), microbial nitrogen supply (87.8g/d) compared to diets PSD0.0 and PSD0.1, respectively. Conclusively, the observed results indicated that feeding lambs on diet supplemented with probiotic up to 0.2 kg (DFM) improved intake, digestibility, nutritive value, nitrogen utilization and growth performance of growing Yankasa ram lambs.
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References
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Arab, H. A., Esmaeil, A. M., Rezaeian, M. and Mohtasebi, M. (2014). Effects of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis-based probiotic on performance, hematology parameters and different blood metabolites in lambs. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 4:8-15.
Arowolo, M. A. and He. J. (2018). Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant production in the tropics: a review. Animal Nutrition, 4:241–249. doi:10.1016/j. aninu.2018.04.010
Ataşoğlu, C., Akbağ, H.I., Tölü, C., Daş, G., Savaş, T. and Yurtman, I. Y. (2010). Effects of kefir as a probiotic source on the performance of goat kids. South African Journal of Animal Science 4:363-70.
Bitencourt, L. L., Silva, J. R. M., Oliveira, B. M., Dias, L. D., Júnior, G. S. Lopes, F., Siécola Jr, S. Zacaroni, O. D. F. and Pereira. M. N. (2011). Diet digestibility and performance of dairy cows supplemented with live yeast. Science and Agriculture 68(3):301–307.
Chen, X.B. and Gomes, M.J. (1995). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivative—An overview of the technical details. Occasional Publication 1992, (International Feed Resources Unit, Rowett Research Institute), Aberdeen
Deka, R.S. (2009). Effect of probiotic biobloom as a growth promotor in kids. Indian Veterinary Journal 86: 1192-1193.
Ding, J., Zhou, Z. M., Ren, L. P. and Meng, Q. X. (2008). Effect of Monensin and live yeast supplementation on growth performance,Nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs fed steam-flaked corn-based diets. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 21: 547-554.
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Elamin, K. M., Tameem Eldar, A. A., Amin, A. E., Abdalla, F. S. and Hassan, H. E. (2012). Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance of Sudan Goat Ecotypes Fed Different Energy/Protein Levels. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 6: 230-239.
Elghandour, M.M.Y., Vázquez, J.C., Salem,A.Z.M., Kholif, A.E., Cipriano, M.M., Camacho, L.M. and Márquez, O. (2017). In vitro gas and methane production of two mixed rations influenced by three different cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1):389-395.doi:10.1080/09712119.2016.1204304
El-Katcha, M. I., Soltan, M. A., Essi, M. S. (2016). Effect of Pediococcus spp. supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and some blood serum biochemical changes of fattening lambs. Alex Journal of Veterinary Science 49:44-54.
FAO/WHO (2001) Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Acid Bacteria. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Córdoba, Argentina.
Ghazanfar S, Anjum M.I, Azim A, Ahmed I. (2015). Effects of dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility and fecal flora of dairy heifers. Journal of Animal Plant Science 25:53–9
Haddad, S.G. and Goussous, S.N. (2005). Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Animal Feed Technology 118(1-4):343-348
Hillal, H., El-Sayaad, G. and Abdella, M. (2011). Effect of growth promoters (probiotics) supplementation on performance, rumen activity and some blood constituents in growing lambs. Arch Tierz 6:607-17.
Isah, O. A., Okunade, S. A., Aderinboye, R. Y. and Olafadehan, O.A. 2015. Effect of browse plant foliage supplementation on the performance of buckling goats fed threshed sorghum top basal diet. Tropical Animal Health and Production 47 (6): 1027-1032
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (2013). Nutrient Requirements of Animals - Sheep, Goat, and Rabbit (ICAR-NIANP)
Jiwuba, P. C., Ikwunze, K., Ume, S. I. and Nsidinanya, N. O. (2016). Performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and cost benefit of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Journal of Advances in Biology and Biotechnology 8(3):1–9.
Khalid, M.F.I., Shahzad, M.A., Sarwar, M., Rehman, A.U., Sharif, M. andMukhtar, N. (2011). Probiotics and lamb performance: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(23):5198-5203.
Lesmeister, K. E., Henrich, A. J. and Gabler. M. T. (2004). Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on rumen development, growth characteristics and blood parameters in neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 87:1832–1839
Lettat, A., Nozière, P., Silberberg, M., Morgavi, D.P., Berger, C. and Martin, C. (2012). Rumen microbial and fermentation characteristics are affected differently by bacterial probiotic supplementation during induced lactic and subacute acidosis in sheep. BMC Microbiol, 12:142.
Makkar, H.P.S. (2003). Quantification of Tannins in Tree and Shrub Foliage. Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 102.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A. and Wilkinson R.G. (2011). Animal Nutrition, 7th ed. Prentice Hall/Pearson, Harlow, England.
Meissner, H. H., Viljoen, M. O. and Van Niekerk, W.A. (1991). Intake and digestibility by sheep of anthephora, panicum, Rhodes and smuts finger grass pastures. In: Proccedings of the IVth International Rangeland Congress, 22–26 April 1991, Montpellier, France, pp. 648–649
MLA. (2007). Meat and Livestock Australia Limited.
Mukhtar, N., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M. U. and Sheikh, M. A. (2010). Growth response of growing lambs fed on concentrate with or without ionophores and probiotics. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12:734-8.
Mutassim, M. and Hunaiti, D. A. (2008). The effect of dietary yeast and protected methionine on performance and trace minerals status of growing Awassi lambs. Livestock Science, 115: 235-241.
Nocek, J.E. (1997). Bovine acidosis: implications on lameness. Journal of Dairy Science, 80:1005–1028.
Okunade, S. A. and Olafadehan, O. A. (2017). Rolfe (Daniellia oliveri) seed meal as a protein source in locally produced concentrates for lambs fed low quality basal diet. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2017 Feb; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.02.
Okunade, S. A., Isah., O. A., Oyekunle., M. A., Olafadehan, O. A. and Makinde, O. J. (2016). Effects of supplementation of threshed sorghum top with selected browse plant foliage on haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Red Sokoto goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production 48(5):979 – 984
Olafadehan, O. A. and Adebayo, O. F. (2016). Nutritional evaluation of ammoniated ensiled threshed sorghum top as a feed for goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production 48, 785–791
Osborn, T. J. and Jones, P. D. (2014). The CRUTEM4 Land-Surface Air Temperature Data Set: Construction, Previous Versions and Dissemination via Google Earth, Earth System Science Data, 6, 61-68, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-61
SAS, (2003). Statistical Analytical Systems, Users Guide Version 6. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA. Sniffen, C.J., O. Connor, J.D., Van Soest P.J., Fox, D. G. and Russell, J.B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science. 70:3562-3577.
Sheikh, G.G., Ganai, A.M., Ahmad, I., Afzal, Y. and Ali, H. (2017). In vitro effect of probiotic mix and fibrolytic enzyme mixture on digestibility of paddy straw. Advances in Animal Veterinary Sciences. 5: 307-316.
Souza, E. J., Guima, A., Batista, Â. M. V., Santos, K. L., Silva, J. R., Morais, N. A. P. and Mustaf, A. F. (2009). Effects of Soybean Hulls Inclusion on Intake, Total Tract Nutrient Utilization and Ruminal Fermentation of Goats fed Spineless Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) based Diets. Small Ruminant Research 85: 63–69.
The Cattle Site. (2019). Importance of Forage Quality. Global Ag Media. http://www.thecattlesite.com/articles/2232/importance-of-forage-quality
Titi, H.H, Dmour R. O and Abdullah A.Y. (2008). Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs and Shami goat kid fed yeast culture in their finishing diet. Journal of Animal Science 142:375-83
Tripathi, M.K. and Karim, S.A. 2011. Effect of yeast cultures supplementation on live weight change, rumen fermentation, ciliate protozoa population, microbial hydrolytic enzymes status and slaughtering performance of growing lamb. Jounal of Livestock Science 135: 17-25
Tylutki, T. P., Fox, D. G., Durbal, V. M., Tedeschi, L. O. and Russell, J. B. (2008). Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: A Model for Precision Feeding of Dairy Cattle. Animal Feed Science Technology 143: 174-174.
Yahya, M. M., Midau, A., Hamdalla, S., Abdulrahman, B. S. and Saidu, M. A. (2020). Effect of Pre-Grazing Supplementation of Maize Offal and Cowpea Husk on the Performance of Red Sokoto Goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 3(2):191–196. www.njast.com.ng
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74:3582–359
Wanapat, M., Chanthakhoun, V. and Pilajun, R. (2012). Dairy Manipulation to reduce Methane Production. Agricultural and Natural Resources 11 (1): 413-418.
Whitley, N.C, Cazac D, Rude B.J, Jackson-O’Brien D, Parveen S. (2009). Use of commercial probiotics supplement in meat goat. Journal of Animal Science 87:723–8.
Antunovic, Z., Speranda, M., Amidzic, D., Seric, V., Steiner, Z., Doma-Cinovic N. and Boli F. (2006) Probiotic application in lambs nutrition. Krmiva, 4:175-180.
AOAC, (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Ed. Association of Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, Usa.
Arab, H. A., Esmaeil, A. M., Rezaeian, M. and Mohtasebi, M. (2014). Effects of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis-based probiotic on performance, hematology parameters and different blood metabolites in lambs. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 4:8-15.
Arowolo, M. A. and He. J. (2018). Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant production in the tropics: a review. Animal Nutrition, 4:241–249. doi:10.1016/j. aninu.2018.04.010
Ataşoğlu, C., Akbağ, H.I., Tölü, C., Daş, G., Savaş, T. and Yurtman, I. Y. (2010). Effects of kefir as a probiotic source on the performance of goat kids. South African Journal of Animal Science 4:363-70.
Bitencourt, L. L., Silva, J. R. M., Oliveira, B. M., Dias, L. D., Júnior, G. S. Lopes, F., Siécola Jr, S. Zacaroni, O. D. F. and Pereira. M. N. (2011). Diet digestibility and performance of dairy cows supplemented with live yeast. Science and Agriculture 68(3):301–307.
Chen, X.B. and Gomes, M.J. (1995). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivative—An overview of the technical details. Occasional Publication 1992, (International Feed Resources Unit, Rowett Research Institute), Aberdeen
Deka, R.S. (2009). Effect of probiotic biobloom as a growth promotor in kids. Indian Veterinary Journal 86: 1192-1193.
Ding, J., Zhou, Z. M., Ren, L. P. and Meng, Q. X. (2008). Effect of Monensin and live yeast supplementation on growth performance,Nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs fed steam-flaked corn-based diets. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 21: 547-554.
Dunne, C.,O’Mahony,L., Murphy, L., O’Halloran, S., Feeney, M., Flynn, S., Fitzgerald, G., Daly, C., Kiely, B., O’Sullivan, G., Shanahan, F.,Collins J.K. (1999). Probiotics; from myth to reality-Demonstration of functionality in animal models of diseases and in human clinical trials. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 76:279-292.
Elamin, K. M., Tameem Eldar, A. A., Amin, A. E., Abdalla, F. S. and Hassan, H. E. (2012). Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance of Sudan Goat Ecotypes Fed Different Energy/Protein Levels. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 6: 230-239.
Elghandour, M.M.Y., Vázquez, J.C., Salem,A.Z.M., Kholif, A.E., Cipriano, M.M., Camacho, L.M. and Márquez, O. (2017). In vitro gas and methane production of two mixed rations influenced by three different cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1):389-395.doi:10.1080/09712119.2016.1204304
El-Katcha, M. I., Soltan, M. A., Essi, M. S. (2016). Effect of Pediococcus spp. supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and some blood serum biochemical changes of fattening lambs. Alex Journal of Veterinary Science 49:44-54.
FAO/WHO (2001) Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Acid Bacteria. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Córdoba, Argentina.
Ghazanfar S, Anjum M.I, Azim A, Ahmed I. (2015). Effects of dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility and fecal flora of dairy heifers. Journal of Animal Plant Science 25:53–9
Haddad, S.G. and Goussous, S.N. (2005). Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Animal Feed Technology 118(1-4):343-348
Hillal, H., El-Sayaad, G. and Abdella, M. (2011). Effect of growth promoters (probiotics) supplementation on performance, rumen activity and some blood constituents in growing lambs. Arch Tierz 6:607-17.
Isah, O. A., Okunade, S. A., Aderinboye, R. Y. and Olafadehan, O.A. 2015. Effect of browse plant foliage supplementation on the performance of buckling goats fed threshed sorghum top basal diet. Tropical Animal Health and Production 47 (6): 1027-1032
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (2013). Nutrient Requirements of Animals - Sheep, Goat, and Rabbit (ICAR-NIANP)
Jiwuba, P. C., Ikwunze, K., Ume, S. I. and Nsidinanya, N. O. (2016). Performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and cost benefit of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Journal of Advances in Biology and Biotechnology 8(3):1–9.
Khalid, M.F.I., Shahzad, M.A., Sarwar, M., Rehman, A.U., Sharif, M. andMukhtar, N. (2011). Probiotics and lamb performance: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(23):5198-5203.
Lesmeister, K. E., Henrich, A. J. and Gabler. M. T. (2004). Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on rumen development, growth characteristics and blood parameters in neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 87:1832–1839
Lettat, A., Nozière, P., Silberberg, M., Morgavi, D.P., Berger, C. and Martin, C. (2012). Rumen microbial and fermentation characteristics are affected differently by bacterial probiotic supplementation during induced lactic and subacute acidosis in sheep. BMC Microbiol, 12:142.
Makkar, H.P.S. (2003). Quantification of Tannins in Tree and Shrub Foliage. Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 102.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A. and Wilkinson R.G. (2011). Animal Nutrition, 7th ed. Prentice Hall/Pearson, Harlow, England.
Meissner, H. H., Viljoen, M. O. and Van Niekerk, W.A. (1991). Intake and digestibility by sheep of anthephora, panicum, Rhodes and smuts finger grass pastures. In: Proccedings of the IVth International Rangeland Congress, 22–26 April 1991, Montpellier, France, pp. 648–649
MLA. (2007). Meat and Livestock Australia Limited.
Mukhtar, N., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M. U. and Sheikh, M. A. (2010). Growth response of growing lambs fed on concentrate with or without ionophores and probiotics. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12:734-8.
Mutassim, M. and Hunaiti, D. A. (2008). The effect of dietary yeast and protected methionine on performance and trace minerals status of growing Awassi lambs. Livestock Science, 115: 235-241.
Nocek, J.E. (1997). Bovine acidosis: implications on lameness. Journal of Dairy Science, 80:1005–1028.
Okunade, S. A. and Olafadehan, O. A. (2017). Rolfe (Daniellia oliveri) seed meal as a protein source in locally produced concentrates for lambs fed low quality basal diet. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2017 Feb; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.02.
Okunade, S. A., Isah., O. A., Oyekunle., M. A., Olafadehan, O. A. and Makinde, O. J. (2016). Effects of supplementation of threshed sorghum top with selected browse plant foliage on haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Red Sokoto goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production 48(5):979 – 984
Olafadehan, O. A. and Adebayo, O. F. (2016). Nutritional evaluation of ammoniated ensiled threshed sorghum top as a feed for goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production 48, 785–791
Osborn, T. J. and Jones, P. D. (2014). The CRUTEM4 Land-Surface Air Temperature Data Set: Construction, Previous Versions and Dissemination via Google Earth, Earth System Science Data, 6, 61-68, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-61
SAS, (2003). Statistical Analytical Systems, Users Guide Version 6. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA. Sniffen, C.J., O. Connor, J.D., Van Soest P.J., Fox, D. G. and Russell, J.B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science. 70:3562-3577.
Sheikh, G.G., Ganai, A.M., Ahmad, I., Afzal, Y. and Ali, H. (2017). In vitro effect of probiotic mix and fibrolytic enzyme mixture on digestibility of paddy straw. Advances in Animal Veterinary Sciences. 5: 307-316.
Souza, E. J., Guima, A., Batista, Â. M. V., Santos, K. L., Silva, J. R., Morais, N. A. P. and Mustaf, A. F. (2009). Effects of Soybean Hulls Inclusion on Intake, Total Tract Nutrient Utilization and Ruminal Fermentation of Goats fed Spineless Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) based Diets. Small Ruminant Research 85: 63–69.
The Cattle Site. (2019). Importance of Forage Quality. Global Ag Media. http://www.thecattlesite.com/articles/2232/importance-of-forage-quality
Titi, H.H, Dmour R. O and Abdullah A.Y. (2008). Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs and Shami goat kid fed yeast culture in their finishing diet. Journal of Animal Science 142:375-83
Tripathi, M.K. and Karim, S.A. 2011. Effect of yeast cultures supplementation on live weight change, rumen fermentation, ciliate protozoa population, microbial hydrolytic enzymes status and slaughtering performance of growing lamb. Jounal of Livestock Science 135: 17-25
Tylutki, T. P., Fox, D. G., Durbal, V. M., Tedeschi, L. O. and Russell, J. B. (2008). Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: A Model for Precision Feeding of Dairy Cattle. Animal Feed Science Technology 143: 174-174.
Yahya, M. M., Midau, A., Hamdalla, S., Abdulrahman, B. S. and Saidu, M. A. (2020). Effect of Pre-Grazing Supplementation of Maize Offal and Cowpea Husk on the Performance of Red Sokoto Goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 3(2):191–196. www.njast.com.ng
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74:3582–359
Wanapat, M., Chanthakhoun, V. and Pilajun, R. (2012). Dairy Manipulation to reduce Methane Production. Agricultural and Natural Resources 11 (1): 413-418.
Whitley, N.C, Cazac D, Rude B.J, Jackson-O’Brien D, Parveen S. (2009). Use of commercial probiotics supplement in meat goat. Journal of Animal Science 87:723–8.
Published
2025-02-10
How to Cite
Okunade, S. A., Olafadehan O. A., Odong, S. O., & Ntagbu, F. G. (2025). Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization of Growing Yankasa Rams. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 7(4), 176 - 188. Retrieved from https://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/388
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