ShamacureR A New Topical gel as an Alternative Treatment for Skin Diseases in Animals and its Economic Value
Keywords:
Shamacure, Skin Diseases, Alternative Treatment, Nigeria
Abstract
The effects of shamacureR Topical Dermatophilosis and other mixed fungal infective organisms in goats was investigated. Twelve adult (12) goats of different sexes, and all affected with dermatological conditions were purchased from Maiduguri cattle market, serially numbered 1-12 for easy identification. They were divided into four (4) groups; A=1-3, B= 4-6, C= 7-9 and D= 10-12, and each group comprise 3 goats. Initial microbial analysis of scab and skin scrapings from the lesion on the infected goat’s skin indicate the disease was mainly caused by Dermatophylus condolences (bacteria) and in addition, other fungal organisms such as Rhyzopus oryzae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp were all identified. Preparations of 2.2 mg/ml, 4.4 mg/ml and 6.7 mg/ml of the ethanol extract powder of Ganoderma sp. were made in 450 ml petrolatum jelly. These were topically applied on lesions of infected goats in groups A, B and C respectively, while goats in group D were treated with CharmilR, and this served as positive control. The infected goats were treated by daily (bid) application of ShamacureR topical gel, for a period of one week. Results from the study showed that ShamacureR Topical gel treated the entire skin lesion in all the treated groups as against CharmilR treated group. The integrity of the disease affected skin of animals treated with ShamacureR was completely restored, within a week of daily topical application, when compared to the CharmilR treated group. However, it was noted that response to treatment was concentration dependent and faster with 6.7 mg/ml than other lower concentrations, hence the choice of this concentration in formulation of ShamacureR
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References
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Bamaiyi, P. H., Hassan, L., Khairani-Bejo, S., Abidin, M. Z., Ramlan, M., Krishnan, N., Adzhar, A., Abdullahi, N., Hamidah N. H., Norsuhanna, M. M and Hasim S, N. (2014). Case control study on risk Variegatum and dermatophilosis on local and exotic breeds of cattle in factors associated with Brucella melitensis in goat farms in peninsular Ghana. Trp. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 28: 44S-49S.
Bradford, I., Boyen, F., Johnson, S., Zayas, S., Chapwanya, A., Butaye, P and Toka, F. N. (2021). Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Dermatophilus congolensis from cattle in Saint Kitts and Nevis. Vet. Sci. 8 (7): 135-143.
Boulton, A. C., Rushton, J and Wathes, D. C. (2017): An empirical analysis of the cost of rearing dairy heifers from birth to first calving and the time taken to repay this cost. The Animal Consortium, 11(8):1-9.
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Maruthi, S. T., Prasad, C. K., Belakeri, P and Sagar, S. R. (2017): Diagnosis and treatment of bovine dermatophilosis. Intas Polivet 18(1):85-88.
Moriello, K, A., Coiner, K., Susan P and Mignon, B. (2017): Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Veterinary Dermatology 28(3):266-268.
Ndhlovu, D. N and Masika, P. J. (2013): Ethno-Veterinary control of bovine dermatophilosis and
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Ndhlovu, D. Y., and Masika, P. J. (2015). Risk factors associated with clinical dermatophilosis in small sector cattle herds of Zimbabwe at the Amblyoma variegatum and Amblyoma hebraeum interface. Tropical Animal Health Production. 47:353-360.
Ndhlovu, D. Y., and Masika, P. J. (2016). Bovine dermatophilosis: Awareness, perception and
attitudes in the small holder sector of North west Zimbabwe. Omdersport Journal of Veterinary Research 83(1):2458-2468.
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Olaogun, S.C., Ifaraji, R. O. and Muhammad, H. A. (2020). Bovine dermatophilosis awareness,
knowledge, perception and drug usage practices among cattle herders in Oyo state, Nigeria. Babgl J. Vet. Med. 18 (2): 37-46.
Oyekunle, M. A and Talabi, A. O. (2020). Control strategies for bovine dermatophilosis with particular reference to Nigeria. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 40 (2): 224-228.
Ranjithkumar, M., Selvaraj, P., Arunama, C. Sand Jayathangaraj, M. G. (2019). Dermatophilosius and its therapeutic management by lincomycin in goats. Indian J. Vet. Med. 39(2):40-42.
Roscoe, D. E. (1975). Spontaneous dermatophilosis in twin white –tailed deer fawns 1. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 11(3):398-401.
Samuel, K. L. and Hughes-Jones, M. E. (1990). The financial and production impacts of bovine dermatophilosis in Zambia. Vet. Res. Commun. 14(5):357-365.
Shamaki, B.U, Yanan, E.G, Uzoigwe, N.R, Dede, P.M, Muhammad, L.U and Ogunsan, E.A. (2007). Tick Infestation and Tick-Borne blood parasite in experimental cattle hoards in Kaduna-Vom, Plateau State. Journal of Agricultural Research and Policies. 2(3): 38-43.
Shamaki, B, U., Sandabe, U. K., Abdulrahman, F.I., Sa’idu, S. N. A., Tekdek, L. B and Ya’uba, M. (2018). Potential use of wild Ganoderma sp Based Petrolatum Paste against Some Mixed Dermatological Conditions in Goats in Maiduguri, Nigeria. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 7(7):1331-1334.
Statista. 2019). A handbook of Statistics-UNCTAD 2019. www.statista.com
Waltzer, C. (2008). Diseases of Chamois: Dermatophilosis. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Textbook, 6th edition. 467-495.
Woldermeskel, M. and Taye, G. (2002). Prevalence of bovine dermatophilosis in tropical highland region of Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 34(3):189-194.
Yusuf, M. S., Babashani, M., Salisu, U. S., and Usman, J. I. (2017). Prevalence and production impact of dermatophilosis in cattle in Zaria, Nigeria. Conference, Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, Kano. Kano state, Nigeria. 2017.
Zaria, L. T. (1993). Dermatophilosis congolense infection in (Dermatophilosis) in animals and man. An update. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16 (3):179-222.
Adoligbe, C., Gangle, R., Adinei, J., Mantip, S., Farougou, S. (2021). Treatment of Girolando cattle dermatophilosis using a combination of different plant extracts in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi Republic of Benin. Vet World, 14 (10): 2750-2756.
Alayande, M. O., Mayaki, A. M., Lawal, M. D., Bandi, N. I., Ibrahim D. D and Talabi, A. O. (2015). Pattern of tick infestation on one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Sokoto, Nigeria. Bulletin of Animal Health Production Afr. 63: 340-354.
Aliye, S., Fesseha., H and Kifle, T. (2020). Dermatophilosis in farm animals and its status in Ethiopia: A review. Intl. J. Pharm. Biomed. Res, 7(1):27-38.
Ambrose, N. C. (1996). The pathogenesis of dermatophilosis. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 28: 29S-37S.
Bamaiyi, P. H., Hassan, L., Khairani-Bejo, S., Abidin, M. Z., Ramlan, M., Krishnan, N., Adzhar, A., Abdullahi, N., Hamidah N. H., Norsuhanna, M. M and Hasim S, N. (2014). Case control study on risk Variegatum and dermatophilosis on local and exotic breeds of cattle in factors associated with Brucella melitensis in goat farms in peninsular Ghana. Trp. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 28: 44S-49S.
Bradford, I., Boyen, F., Johnson, S., Zayas, S., Chapwanya, A., Butaye, P and Toka, F. N. (2021). Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Dermatophilus congolensis from cattle in Saint Kitts and Nevis. Vet. Sci. 8 (7): 135-143.
Boulton, A. C., Rushton, J and Wathes, D. C. (2017): An empirical analysis of the cost of rearing dairy heifers from birth to first calving and the time taken to repay this cost. The Animal Consortium, 11(8):1-9.
Burd, E. M., L, Am. Juzych, J, T. Rudrik and Habib F. (2007). Pustular dermatitis caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45(5):1655-1658.
Gofwan, P. G and Abdullahi, U. S. (2019). Survey on clinical incidence of dermatophilosis in cattle in Southern Plateau state. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2(2):101-108.
Dallis, J. S., Kazeem, H. M., Fatihu, M. Y. Makinde, A. A. (2021). Magnitude and risk factors associated with bovine ermatophilosis in Sabon-Gari, Kaduna state and Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science 19(1):34-41.
Gebreyohannes, M. and Gebresselassie, M. (2013). An overview of dermatophilosis of animals: a review.Journal of Animal Science Advances 3(7):337-344.
Hargis, A. M and Myers, S. (2018). O Tegumento p. 1009-1147In: Zachary J. F (Ed). Basis da Patologia em Vetarinaria. 6th ed. Elsevier Editora ltd. Rio de JNEIROP, RJ.
Iliyasu, D., Munir, A. S., Awwal, U., Omonike, O. S., Mustapha, R. A and Ahmed, I. (2015). Consequences of chronic dermatophilosis on semen quality and reproductive performance of Friesian bull in multipurpose farm in Zaria, Nigeria. Intl. J. Livestock Res. 5(6):45-52.
Ikpeze, O. O. (2004). Dermatophilus infection in Nigeria: A review. Bio-Research 2(2):37-41.
Kerario, I. I., Muleya, W., Chanyambuya, S., Koski, M., Hwang, S-G and Samuunza, M. (2017). Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick’s species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming system in Tanzania. Afri. J. Agric. Res. 12(14):286-299.
Mannan, M. A., Khan, M. R. S., Rahman, M. M., Begum, F and Uddin, M. Z. (2009). Isolation and identification of Dermatophilus bacteria from the skin lesions of cattle. Bangl. L. Vet. Med. 7(2): 342-347.
Maruthi, S. T., Prasad, C. K., Belakeri, P and Sagar, S. R. (2017): Diagnosis and treatment of bovine dermatophilosis. Intas Polivet 18(1):85-88.
Moriello, K, A., Coiner, K., Susan P and Mignon, B. (2017): Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Veterinary Dermatology 28(3):266-268.
Ndhlovu, D. N and Masika, P. J. (2013): Ethno-Veterinary control of bovine dermatophilosis and
ticks at Zhombe, Njele and Shamrock resettlement in Zimbabwe. Trp. Anim. Hlth. Prod, 45: 525-532.
Ndhlovu, D. Y., and Masika, P. J. (2015). Risk factors associated with clinical dermatophilosis in small sector cattle herds of Zimbabwe at the Amblyoma variegatum and Amblyoma hebraeum interface. Tropical Animal Health Production. 47:353-360.
Ndhlovu, D. Y., and Masika, P. J. (2016). Bovine dermatophilosis: Awareness, perception and
attitudes in the small holder sector of North west Zimbabwe. Omdersport Journal of Veterinary Research 83(1):2458-2468.
Ogbeh, A. (2016). Nigeria releases census of goats, sheep, pigs and other livestock in the country. Premium times, June, 2, 2016.
Olaogun, S.C., Ifaraji, R. O. and Muhammad, H. A. (2020). Bovine dermatophilosis awareness,
knowledge, perception and drug usage practices among cattle herders in Oyo state, Nigeria. Babgl J. Vet. Med. 18 (2): 37-46.
Oyekunle, M. A and Talabi, A. O. (2020). Control strategies for bovine dermatophilosis with particular reference to Nigeria. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 40 (2): 224-228.
Ranjithkumar, M., Selvaraj, P., Arunama, C. Sand Jayathangaraj, M. G. (2019). Dermatophilosius and its therapeutic management by lincomycin in goats. Indian J. Vet. Med. 39(2):40-42.
Roscoe, D. E. (1975). Spontaneous dermatophilosis in twin white –tailed deer fawns 1. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 11(3):398-401.
Samuel, K. L. and Hughes-Jones, M. E. (1990). The financial and production impacts of bovine dermatophilosis in Zambia. Vet. Res. Commun. 14(5):357-365.
Shamaki, B.U, Yanan, E.G, Uzoigwe, N.R, Dede, P.M, Muhammad, L.U and Ogunsan, E.A. (2007). Tick Infestation and Tick-Borne blood parasite in experimental cattle hoards in Kaduna-Vom, Plateau State. Journal of Agricultural Research and Policies. 2(3): 38-43.
Shamaki, B, U., Sandabe, U. K., Abdulrahman, F.I., Sa’idu, S. N. A., Tekdek, L. B and Ya’uba, M. (2018). Potential use of wild Ganoderma sp Based Petrolatum Paste against Some Mixed Dermatological Conditions in Goats in Maiduguri, Nigeria. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 7(7):1331-1334.
Statista. 2019). A handbook of Statistics-UNCTAD 2019. www.statista.com
Waltzer, C. (2008). Diseases of Chamois: Dermatophilosis. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Textbook, 6th edition. 467-495.
Woldermeskel, M. and Taye, G. (2002). Prevalence of bovine dermatophilosis in tropical highland region of Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 34(3):189-194.
Yusuf, M. S., Babashani, M., Salisu, U. S., and Usman, J. I. (2017). Prevalence and production impact of dermatophilosis in cattle in Zaria, Nigeria. Conference, Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, Kano. Kano state, Nigeria. 2017.
Zaria, L. T. (1993). Dermatophilosis congolense infection in (Dermatophilosis) in animals and man. An update. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16 (3):179-222.
Published
2025-02-06
How to Cite
Shamaki, B. U., Sandabe, U. K., & Abdulrahman, F. I. (2025). ShamacureR A New Topical gel as an Alternative Treatment for Skin Diseases in Animals and its Economic Value. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 7(4), 85 -93. Retrieved from https://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/379
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