: Influence of dietary polyphenols on greenhouse gas emissions, ruminant production and welfare: a review
Keywords:
Keywords: Anti-methanogenic, Feed additive, Methane, Performance, Antioxidant, Greenhouse gases, Ruminant.
Abstract
Abstract
Intensification of global climate change and rising consumer demand for animal products necessitate the development of sustainable strategies to reduce livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while enhancing food security. This review assesses the impact of dietary polyphenols, specifically sugarcane-derived extracts such as Polygain™, on methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and animal performance in ruminants. It was observed that dietary supplementation of ruminants with 0.25–1% Polygain™ reduced methane emissions from enteric fermentation by 33–49% in lambs and 30–35% in dairy cows, while improving growth rates and milk yield. However, milk fat content tended to decrease. In contrast, the effects of polyphenols on methane emissions in beef heifers were not significant, highlighting the context-dependent factors of intake rates and other dietary constituents before and after supplementation. Polyphenols modulated the rumen microbiota, reducing the abundance of methanogens (e.g., Methanobrevibacter) and shifting the volatile fatty acid profile toward propionate production. Productive outcomes were species-dependent: dairy cows exhibited improved milk yield (7.4%) but lower milk fat content (6.7%), while lambs showed enhanced growth rates and feed conversion ratios. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were observed, including a reduction in somatic cell counts in dairy herds. However, responses depended on dosage, basal diet, and adaptation duration, with excessive intake potentially impairing nutrient absorption. Despite promising results, key gaps remain, including long-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and practical integration into farming systems, which require further investigation. Future research should refine dosing strategies, assess the economic viability, and explore interactions with alternative feed sources. Sugarcane polyphenols represent a multifunctional solution for sustainable livestock production; however, the broader environmental impact of polyphenol production and consumption, as well as the economic viability and practicality of implementing this solution within production systems, deserves further consideration.
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References
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Science, 56(3), 507-518. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15327
de Souza, R. B., de Menezes, J. A., de Souza, R.deF., Dutra, E. D., and de Morais, M. A., Jr (2015). Mineral composition of the sugarcane juice and its influence on the ethanol fermentation. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 175(1), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1258-7
Dewick, P. M. (2002). Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach. John Wiley and Sons. Hoboken, NJ, USA
Duarte-Almeida, J. M., Novoa, A. V., Linares, A. F., Lajolo, F. M., and Inés Genovese, M. (2006). Antioxidant activity of phenolics compounds from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 61(4), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-006-0032-6
Duarte-Almeida, J. M., Salatino, A., Genovese, M. I., and Lajolo, F. M. (2011). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of culms and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) products. Food Chemistry, 125(2), 660-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.059
Ebadi, S., and Azlan, A. (2021). Nutritional composition and role of non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) in human health. Current nutrition and food science, 17(3), 249-257. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200728184917
Fang, Y.-T., Li, Q., Cao, A.-C., Li, Y., and Wei, Y. (2017). Isolation and purification of phenolic acids from sugarcane rinds by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. Food Analytical Methods, 10(7), 2576–2584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0824-3
Feng, S., Luo, Z., Tao, B., and Chen, C. (2015). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and purification of phenolic compounds from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) rinds. LWT—Food Science and Technology, 60(2), 970–976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.066
Fleming, A., O'Grady, A. P., Stitzlein, C., Ogilvy, S., Mendham, D., and Harrison, M. T. (2022). Improving acceptance of natural capital accounting in land use decision making: Barriers and opportunities. Ecological Economics, 200, 107510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107510
Formato, M., Cimmino, G., Brahmi-Chendouh, N., Piccolella, S., and Pacifico, S. (2022). Polyphenols for Livestock Feed: Sustainable Perspectives for Animal Husbandry?. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27(22), 7752. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227752
Gadzama, I.U. (2025). Asparagopsis Seaweed as a Feed Supplement for Dairy Cows. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 7(4), 63 - 84. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388847026
Gadzama, I. U., Ray, S., Méité, R., Mugweru, I. M., Gondo, T., Rahman, M. A., Redoy, M. R. A., Rohani, M. F., Kholif, A. E., Salahuddin, M., and Brito, A. F. (2025). Chlorella vulgaris as a Livestock Supplement and Animal Feed: A Comprehensive Review. Animals, 15(6), 879. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15060879
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How to Cite
Matthew Tom Harrison3. (1). : Influence of dietary polyphenols on greenhouse gas emissions, ruminant production and welfare: a review. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 8(2), 69-91. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/424
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