Evaluation of the Phytogenic potential of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract on Haematology, Serum Biochemistry, and Intestinal Bacterial Count of Broiler Chickens
Keywords:
Broiler chickens, Chromolaena odorata, Phytogenic additive, Haematology,
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract (COLE) on haematology, serum biochemistry, and intestinal bacterial load in broiler chickens. A total of 250 day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were brooded for two weeks then randomly assigned to five groups with varying COLE concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 ml COLE per liter of water), each with five replicates of ten birds per replicate. The study lasted for four weeks, after which, phytochemical screening of COLE, haematological analysis, serum biochemical evaluation, and intestinal bacterial counts were assessed. Results revealed COLE contained various bioactive compounds, including saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Although haematological parameters remained unaffected, birds receiving 1.5 ml COLE/litre water showed significant reductions in LDL levels. Additionally, 1.5 ml COLE/litre water resulted in lower counts of total viable heterotrophic bacteria, Salmonella-Shigella, and Coliform bacteria, while 1.0 ml COLE/litre water reduced Staphylococcus species bacteria. This study demonstrates the potential of COLE as a natural additive in broiler production, reducing serum LDL and inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic intestinal bacteria at a recommended dose of 1.5 ml COLE per liter of water.
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References
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Chokshi, A., Sifri, Z., Cennimo, D. and Horng, H. (2019). Global contributors to antibiotic resistance. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 11(1):36-42.
Cross, D.E., McDevitt, R.M., Hillman, K. and Acamovic, T. (2007). The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science 48(4):496-506.
Diaz-Sanchez, S., D'Souza, D., Biswas, D. and Hanning, I. (2015). Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry production. Poultry Science 94(6):1419-1430.
Dibner, J.J. and Richards, J.D. (2005). Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. Poultry Science 84(4):634-643.
Ekenyem, B.U., Obih, T.K.O., Ohanaka, A.O. and Nwajiuba, C.U. (2009). Effect of partial replacement of Chromolaena odorata for soybean on haematological and serum chemistry of laying birds. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Systems 3:228-232.
Elebiyo, T.C., Oluba, O.M. and Adeyemi, O. S. (2023). Anti-malarial and haematological evaluation of the ethanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of Chromolaena odorata. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 23:402.
Etim, N.N., Williams, M.E., Akpabio, U. and Offiong, E.E. (2014). Haematological parameters and factors affecting their values. Agricultural Science 2(1):37-47.
FAO. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World. 2017. p. 13-40
Fasuyi, A.O., Fajemilehin, S.O.K. and Omojola, A.B. (2005). The egg quality characteristics of layers fed varying dietary inclusions of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf meal (SWLM). International Journal of Poultry Science 4(10):752-757.
Fawcett, J. and Scott, E. (1960). A rapid and precise method for the determination of urea. Journal of Clinical Pathology 13:156.
Giannenas, I.A., Florou-Paneri, P., Botsoglou, N.A., Christaki, E. and Spais, A.B. (2005). Effect of supplementing feed with oregano and/or a-tocopheryl acetate on growth of broiler chickens and oxidative stability of meat. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 14(3):521-535.
Gonzalez-Ronquillo, M. and Angeles-Hernandez, J.C. (2017). Antibiotic and synthetic growth promoters in animal diets: Review of impact and analytical methods. Food Control 72(Pt B):255-267.
Graham, J.P., Eisenberg, J.N.S., Trueba, G., Zhang, L. and Johnson, T.J. (2017). Small-scale food animal production and antimicrobial resistance: mountain, molehill, or something in between? Environ Health Perspective 125(10):1-5.
Hafeez, A., Manner, K., Schieder, C. and Zentek, J. (2016). Effect of supplementation of phytogenic feed additives (powdered vs. encapsulated) on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 95(3):622-629.
Hashemi, S.M., Soleimanifar, A., Sharifi, S.D. and Vakili, N. (2018). Growth promoting effects of dried nettle extracts and its impact on hematology and antibody titter in broiler chickens. International Journal of Animal Science 2(1):1016-1020.
Hernandez, F., Madrid, J., Garcia, V., Orengo, J. and Megias, M.D. (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poultry Science 83(2):169-174.
Hong, J.C., Steiner, T., Aufy, A. and Lien, T.F. (2012). Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers. Livestock Science 144(3):253-262.
Igboh, M.N., Ikewuchi, C.J. and Catherine, C. (2009). Chemical profile of Chromolaena odorata L. (King and Robinson) leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8:521-524.
Ikewuchi, J.C. and Ikewuchi, C.C. (2011). Anti-cholesterolemic effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L) King and Robinson Asteraceae. Potential for the reduction of cardiovascular risk. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 122:385-391.
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Published
2025-07-30
How to Cite
Safiyu, K. K., Akinsola, K. L, Onabanjo, R. S, Adedokun, O. O, Ewetola, I. A, Ngonadi, G. E., Awoms, E. G., Aremu T. S., & Oyewole Y. O. (2025). Evaluation of the Phytogenic potential of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract on Haematology, Serum Biochemistry, and Intestinal Bacterial Count of Broiler Chickens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 8(2), 14-26. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/420
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