Haemato-biochemical modulatory effects of monosodium glutamate in adult male rabbits
Abstract
The study investigated the modulatory effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on haematological and biochemical indices of adult male rabbits. Thirty-two mongrel male rabbits were divided into four groups and administered varying doses of MSG (0 g/kg, 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, and 6 g/kg body weight) every 48 hours for eight weeks. Hematological parameters, including leukocyte counts, erythrocyte counts, and hemoglobin concentration, as well as serum biochemistry parameters, such as creatinine, glucose, and liver enzymes, were analyzed. The hematology results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HTC), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts. However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the T4 group (71.45 fl) compared to the control (61.2 fl). Platelet count significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in MSG-treated groups compared to the control, with the highest reduction observed in T3 (144 x 10³/μL). For serum biochemistry, no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in albumin, total protein, creatinine, glucose, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels across treatments. Similarly, serum electrolyte analysis revealed no significant changes (P > 0.05) in chloride, potassium, and calcium levels. However, sodium concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T4 (141 mEq/L) compared to the control (123.5 mEq/L). The study concluded that MSG administration at higher doses has a modulatory impact on both hematological and biochemical indices in rabbits, suggesting potential health risks associated with high MSG consumption.
Downloads
References
Ajibola, M., Oloruntoba, A. C., Chinomso, U. A., and Shekins, O. (2012). The effects of orally administered monosodium glutamate (msg) on blood thrombocyte, blood coagulation and bleeding in rats. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 4(1):1–5.
ALhamed, T. A., Farah A. Al-marzook, and Al-Asady, A. M. (2021). The harmful Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Blood Parameters Liver and Kidney Functions in Adult White Rats and the Protective Role of Omega-3. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 15(3):5245–5250. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16266
Das, R. S., and Ghosh, S. K. (2010). Long term effects of monosodium glutamate on spermatogenesis following neonatal exposure in albino mice–a histological study. Nepal Med. Coll. J., 12(3):149–153.
Diniz, Y. S., Fernandes, A. A. H., Campos, K. E., Mani, F., Ribas, B. O., and Novelli, E. L. B. (2004). Toxicity of hypercaloric diet and monosodium glutamate: oxidative stress and metabolic shifting in hepatic tissue. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 42(2):313–319.
Egbuonu, A. C. C., Obidoa, O., Ezeokonkwo, C. A., Ezeanyika, L. U. S., and Ejikeme, P. M. (2009). Hepatotoxic effects of low dose oral administration of monosodium glutamate in male albino rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(13), 3031–3035.
El-Meghawry El-Kenawy, A., Osman, H. E. H., and Daghestani, M. H. (2013). The effect of vitamin C administration on monosodium glutamate induced liver injury. An experimental study. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology: Official Journal of the Gesellschaft Fur Toxikologische Pathologie, 65(5):513–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2012.02.00
Eweka, A., Eweka, A., and Om’Iniabohs, F. (2011). Histological studies of the effects of monosodium glutamate on the fallopian tubes of adult female wistar rats. Annals of Biomedical Sciences, 9(1):37–44. https://doi.org/10.4314/abs.v9i1.66569
Ezeokeke, C. T., and Ezekwe, O. C. (2017). Effect of monosodium glutamate on the liver and kidney function of adult albino rats and the protective potentials of vitamin E. Ajol.Info, 8:34–43.
Hata, K., Kubota, M., Shimizu, M., Moriwaki, H., Kuno, T., Tanaka, T., Hara, A., and Hirose, Y. (2012). Monosodium glutamate-induced diabetic mice are susceptible to azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis, 33(3):702–707.
Husarova, V., and Ostatnikova, D. (2013). Monosodium Glutamate Toxic Effects and Their Implications for Human Intake: A Review. JMED Research1–12.
Ibrahim, S., Cadmus, S. I. B., Umoh, J. U., Ajogi, I., Farouk, U. M., Abubakar, U. B., and Kudi, A. C. (2012). Tuberculosis in humans and cattle in Jigawa state, Nigeria: risk factors analysis. Veterinary Medicine International article- 865924, 5 pages.
Olarotimi, O. J. (2020). Serum electrolyte balance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens fed diets containing varied levels of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 44(1):1-7. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257113957
Onyema, O. O., Farombi, E. O., Emerole, G. O., Ukoha, A. I., and Onyeze, G. O. (2006). Effect of vitamin E on monosodium glutamate induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 43(1):20-4. PMID: 16955747.
Sharma, A., Prasongwattana, V., Cha’on, U., Selmi, C., Hipkaeo, W., Boonnate, P., Pethlert, S., Titipungul, T., Intarawichian, P., Waraasawapati, S., Puapiroj, A., Sitprija, V., and Reungjui, S. (2013). Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption is associated with urolithiasis and urinary tract obstruction in rats. PloS One 8(9) e75546. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075546
Xu, J., Tang, M., Liu, Y., Xu, J., and Xu, X. (2022). Safety assessment of monosodium glutamate based on intestinal function and flora in mice. Food Science and Human Wellness, 11(1):155–164. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.016
Zanfirescu, A., Ungurianu, A., Tsatsakis, A. M., Nițulescu, G. M., Kouretas, D., Veskoukis, A., Tsoukalas, D., Engin, A. B., Aschner, M., and Margină, D. (2019). A review of the alleged health hazards of monosodium glutamate. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 18(4):1111–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12448
