Effect of varying levels of clove extracts on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens
Keywords:
Laying hens, clove extracts, performance, egg quality characteristics, Haugh unit
Abstract
A twelve-week experiment was conducted to determine the effect of varying levels of clove extracts on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. One hundred and sixty laying hens (Isa brown) at eight weeks of laying life were used for the experiment. Clove extract was prepared at varying levels of 0 ml, 100 ml 200 ml, and 300 ml and diluted in 4 litres of water in a drinking trough separately and labeled T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The birds were divided into four groups of forty laying hens and each group was assigned to one of the clove extracts in a completely randomized design. After the exhaustion of the extract, fresh water was given to the birds throughout the day. Feed was provided to the birds ad libitum. Data collected on different parameters were statistically analyzed. The result of the performance of the laying hens recorded significant differences (P<0.05) in their values across treatments. Birds in T4 (300 ml) recorded significantly higher values of weight changes, hen-day egg production, feed intake and egg weight and feed conversion ratio. The administration of clove extract in drinking water did not affect the external and internal egg qualities of the birds. The Haugh unit and egg-breaking strength were not affected by the extract. Thus, it could be concluded that administration of clove extract at 300 ml in drinking water for laying birds did not have any deleterious effect on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens.
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References
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Solomon, F. E., Essien, C. A. and Eyoh, G. D. (2022). Effects of Xylopia aethiopica on growth and carcass characteristics of Broiler chickens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 5(3): 10-21
Song, Y., Wang, C., LV, L., Chen, Y. and Zhuo, Z. (2009). Exogenous leptin promotes the recovery of regressed ovary in fasted ducks. Animal Reproduction Science, 110:306-318.
Sugiharto, S. and Ranjitkar, S. (2019). Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance, gastrointestinal tract micro ecology, and immune responses. A review. Animal Nutrition, 5(1):1-10.
Usman, H. B. and Alijameel, K. M. (2021). Performance of broiler birds fed graded levels of clove (Syzgium aromaticucm (L.) buds powder in semi-arid region, Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 6(5):148-152.
Wilhem, L. A. and Heiman, V. (1936). Albumen index determination by Normongram. US Egg and poultry management, 42:426-429.
Yakubu, Y., Sacako, A. E. and Ige, O. (2007). Effect of genotype and housing system on the laying performance of chicken in different seasons in the semi-humid tropic. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6(6):434-439.
Arad, Z. and Marder, J. (1982). Effect of gradual acclimation to high ambient temperatures on egg-shell gravity of the Sinai Bedouin fowl, the commercial White Leghorn and their crossbreds. British Poultry Science, 23(2):113-119.
Ayodele, A. D., Tayo, G. O., Olumide, M. D., Adeyemi, O. A. and Akanbi, A. S. (2011). Haematological and serum biochemical responses of pullet chicks fed diets containing single and combined levels of turmeric and clove. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 48(3):71-85.
Basch, E., Gasparyan, A., Giese, N., Hashmi, S., Ulbricht, C., Varghese, M., Vora, M. and Weissner, W. (2008). Clove (Eugenia aromatic) and clove oil (Eugenol). J. Diet Suppl., 5:117-146
Belal, S. A., Uddan, M. N. Hassan, M. K. Islam, M. A. (2018) Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Alluim sativum on productive performance and hematological parameters of broiler. Int. J. Envrion. Res., 4:12-23.
Belyavin, C. G. and Boorman, K. N. (1981). Physical characteristics of intake and cracked eggs. British Poultry Science, 22:9-15
Czarra, F. (2009). Spices: A Global History. Relation Books, London.
Diego, F. C., Claudia, R. F. and Wanderley, P. O. (2014). Clove (Syzygium anomaticum); A precious spice, Asia Pac J. Trop Biomed., 4(2):90-96.
Dougkas A. Vannereux, M. and Giboreau, A. (2019). The impact of herbs species on increasing the appreciation and intake of how-salt legume-based meals. Nutrients, 11(12): 2901. https://dx.doi:org/10.3390%2fnu11122-901
Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple f–test Biometric, 11:225-262
Ekpo, J. S. and Okon, U. M. (2022). Performance and lipid profile of growing pigs fed Vernonia amygdalina and Jathropha tanjorensis leaf meal supplementation. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 34(12): 1 – 6.
Ekpo, J. S., Christopher, G. I., Okeudo, N. J. and Okon, U. M. (2022). Comparative evaluation of carcass quality and sensory characteristics of meat of rabbits fed Vernonia amygdalina and Mucuna pruriens. Nigerian Journal Animal Science 24(2): 251-259.
Essien, C. A., and Udoh, V. S (2021) Efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum leaf meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood profiles of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 6(4):135 – 143.
Essien, C. A., Sam, I. M. and Okon, U. M. (2022a). Effect of Aridan (Tetrapleura tetraptera) powder as feed additive on the performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. AKSU Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 6(3):202-212
Essien, C. A., Sam, I. M., Okon, U. M. and Ndak, U. U. (2022b). Effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal on the performance, carcass characteristics and lipid profile of finisher broiler chickens. AKSU Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 6(3): 213 – 223.
Essien, C.A (2021). Effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera on performance, carcass characteristics and organ indices of broiler chickens. Animal Research International, 18(2): 4134-4144.
Harborne J. B. (1973). Phytochemistry methods. A guide to modern techniques of plants analysis. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 267 – 270.
Haugh, R. R. (1937). A New method for determining the quality of an egg. US egg and poultry management, 39:27-49.
Kamal-preet, K., Sonia, K. and Ritu, R. (2009). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal potentials of clove (Syzygium aromaticum). Essential oil, its major compound and its derivatives. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Fruit, 22 (5):1195-1217.
Okon, U. M., Ekpo, J. S. and Christopher, G. I. (2023a). Effect of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) as feed additive on rabbit’s carcass composition and serum lipid profile. Animal Research International, 20(2): 4957-4965
Okon, U. M., Ekpo, J. S., Essien, C. A. and Eyoh, G. D. (2022). Influence of Monodora nyristica and Xylopia aethiopica seed a feed assistive on the performance of New Zealand weaned rabbits. Nigeria Journal of Animals Science and Technology 5(1): 76-83.
Okon, U. M., Ekpo, J. S., Essien, C. A., Thabethe, F. and Nuamah, E. (2023b). Serum lipid profile and organoleptic characteristics of meat from rabbits fed diets containing selim pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) and African nutmeg (Monodora myristica). Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 25 (2):223-235
Okwu D. E. (2003). The potentials of Ocimum gratissmum Penrgularia extensa and Tetrapleara tetraptera as spice and flavouring agents. Nigeria Agricultural Journal, 34:143-148.
Overly, K. R. (2019). Microwave assisted isolation of eugenol from cloves. Journal of chem. Educ., 96(11): 2665-2667. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b01022
Panda, P. C. (1996). Shape and Texture. In Textbook on Egg and Poultry Technology. First Edition, New Delhi, India.
Reddy, D. V. (2018). Applied Nutrition. Livestock, Poultry Rabbits and Laboratory Animals. Oxford and IBH Publishing co-Rvt Ltd. New Delta
Renema, R. A., Robinson, F. E., Proudman, J. A., NewCombe, M. and Mckay, R. I. (1999). Effects of body weight and feed allocation during sexual maturation in broiler breeder hens. 2. Ovarian Morphology and plasma hormone profile. Poultry Science 79: 629-639.
SAS (2002). SAS/STAT/ user’s version 8, 6th Edition Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Institute Cary, North Carolina.
SLUS-AK (1994). Soil and Land Use Studies. Government print office Uyo. Akwa Ibom State, soil survey staff. Key to soil taxonomy. Soil Management Support Service (SMSS) Tech. monogr. No. 19:306p
Smith, A. J. (2001). Poultry. The Tropical Agriculturist. Revised edition. Macmillan Education Ltd London. Pp. 1-11
Solomon, F. E., Essien, C. A. and Eyoh, G. D. (2022). Effects of Xylopia aethiopica on growth and carcass characteristics of Broiler chickens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 5(3): 10-21
Song, Y., Wang, C., LV, L., Chen, Y. and Zhuo, Z. (2009). Exogenous leptin promotes the recovery of regressed ovary in fasted ducks. Animal Reproduction Science, 110:306-318.
Sugiharto, S. and Ranjitkar, S. (2019). Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance, gastrointestinal tract micro ecology, and immune responses. A review. Animal Nutrition, 5(1):1-10.
Usman, H. B. and Alijameel, K. M. (2021). Performance of broiler birds fed graded levels of clove (Syzgium aromaticucm (L.) buds powder in semi-arid region, Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 6(5):148-152.
Wilhem, L. A. and Heiman, V. (1936). Albumen index determination by Normongram. US Egg and poultry management, 42:426-429.
Yakubu, Y., Sacako, A. E. and Ige, O. (2007). Effect of genotype and housing system on the laying performance of chicken in different seasons in the semi-humid tropic. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6(6):434-439.
Published
2024-05-23
How to Cite
Essien, C. A., Sam. I. M., Okon, U. M., & Solomon, F. E. (2024). Effect of varying levels of clove extracts on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 7(1), 133 -141. Retrieved from https://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/321
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