Crude Fibre Fractions and Mineral Composition of Selected Chaffs, Leaves and Peels as Feed Resources for Ruminants
Abstract
The Crude Fibre Fractions (CFF) and mineral composition of twenty ‘wastes' were determined using a Completely Randomized Design. Among chaffs, rice milling waste recorded the highest ADF (38.82%) and cellulose (16.04%), while ADF (25.32%) and NDF (18.20%) were lowest in Orange Residue. Maize Cob (1.06%) and Burukutu Waste (1.94%) had the highest Calcium and phosphorus, respectively. Among leaves, Carrot Leaves recorded the highest NDF (30.14%) and hemicellulose (14.08%). Maize Leaves had the highest Ca (1.56%) and lowest lignin (16.15%); lowest NDF (18.96%) in Sweet Potato Leaves and hemicellulose (8.32%) in Cassava Leaves. For peels, Cassava Peels had highest ADF (53.52%), while highest values for NDF (34.23%) was in Irish Potato Peels and highest cellulose (18.02%), Ca (1.79%) and P (1.03%) were in Cabbage Waste (CW). Cellulose (4.02%) was lowest in Orange Peels; Watermelon Peels had the least lignin (14.13%). This study has successfully provided the recent values for Crude Fibre Fractions and mineral compositions (Ca and P) of the selected feedstuffs. From the compositions of these waste, each is uniquely beneficial to ruminants when rightly used thus recommended for ruminants' feeding as the Crude Fibre Fractions and Minerals (Ca and P) are present in adequate and tolerable levels in most of the samples considered in this study.
Downloads
References
Akinmutimi, A.H., Odoemelam, V.U and Obasienkong, S.F. (2006). Effect of replacing maize with ripe plantain and yam peels in the diet of weaner rabbits. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, Volume 5(9):737-740. https://doi.org/10.3423/javaa.2006.737.740.
Ali, S., Zia-ur, R., Khan, A.D and Shah, F.H. (1992). Utilization of mango waste in poultry feed. Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial Research. 35(9):360-361. http://www.parc.gov.pk/data/CatPak/Cataction.asp?Title=Utilization%20of%mangopeels. Last accessed 21.01.2024.
Ashoush, I.S. and Godaliah, M.G.E. (2011). Utilization of mango peels and seed kernels powders as sources of phytochemicals in biscuit. World Journal of Dairy Food Science. 6(1):35-42. http://www.feedipedia.org/node/516. Last accessed 27.01.2024.
Atteh, J.O. (2002). Principles and Practices of Livestock Feed and Manufacturing. Aldek Publishers, Ilorin, Nigeria, pp. 5-7.
Bampidis, V.A. and Robinson, P.H. (2006). Citrus by-products as ruminant feeds: A Review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 128:175-217. https://www.researchgatenet/publication/248333049. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.12.002. Last accessed 20.02.2024.
Berardini, N., Knodler, M., Schieber, A., Carle, R. (2005). Utilization of mango peels as a source of pectin and polyphenolics. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies. 6(4):442-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2005.06.004 Last accessed 25.01.2024.
Better Crops (1999). Phosphorus in Animal Nutrition. Better Crops With Plant Food; International Plant Nutrition Institute, 83(1):32-33. ISSN: 0006-0089.
Berenpas, E., Isler, D., Lowe, J., Messent, P., Miley, P., Rabehl, N., Seyffarth, H. and Turnbull, M. (2013). Nutritional guidelines for feeding pet rabbits. FEDIAF- European Pet Food Industry Federation/ Av. Louise 89/B. www.fediaf.org
Cirad. (2008). CIRAD. Laboratory Data 1993-2008.
Cockerel I., Halliday D. and Morgan, D.J. (1975). Quality Control in the Animal Feeding Stuffs Manufacturing Industry. London, Tropical Products Research Institute, (T P R I), No. G97, p. 37.
El-Behairy, U.A., Tork, E.M and Gammal, M.H. (2022). Analytical study of the components of watermelon rind and evaluation of its use as a substitute for flour. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 22(3):19-125. ISSN: 1818.67690. IDOSI Publications. DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.aejaes.2022.19.125 Last accessed 25.01.2024.
El-Waziry,A.M., Alkoaik,F., Khalil,A.I., Metwally,H. and Al-Mahasneh,M.A. (2013). Evaluation of tomato and cucumber wastes as alternative feeds for ruminants using gas production technique invitro. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 8:821-826. doi:10.3923/ajava.2013.821.826 URL:https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=a java.2013.821.826. Last accessed 24.01.2024
Gladvin, G., Sudhaakr, G., Swathi, V. and Santhisri, K.V. (2017). Mineral and vitamin composition contents in Watermelon Peel (Rind). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 5:129-133. ISSN: 2319-7706. http://www.ijcmas.com Last accessed 20.02.2024.
Kung, L. (2014). The role of fiber in ruminant ration formulation. Department of Animal and Food Sciences. University of Delaware, Newark. http://ag.udel.edu/anfs/faculty/kung/article/role_of_fiber_in_ruminant_ration_formulation, pp. 1-3. Last accessed 21.10.2023.
Mosa, Z.M and Kkalil, A.F. (2015). Comparative study between the effect of mango and orange peels preparations on the total dietary fiber. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) 9(11):129-136. www.iosrjournals.org Last accessed 23.01.2024.
Muhammad, A.S., Wada, I.M., Umar, A.M., Abdurrahaman, S.I., Muhammad, Y., Dahiru, M. and Abdullahi, H.I. (2023). Proximate composition, fibre fractions and mineral composition of ensiled rice milling waste enhanced with urea and poultry litter. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology. 9(1):85-92. ISSN: 2504-9496. Last accessed 4.03.2024.
Okpanachi, U., Ochai, A.O., Luka, J.S., Osibanjo, D.O and Emmanuel, A.T (2021a). Proximate composition, anti-nutrients and crude fibre fractions of selected leaves fed to ruminants. International Technology and Science Publication, Agricultural Studies 5(2):40-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31058/j.as.2021.52005 Last accessed 6.11.2023.
Okpanachi, U., Luka, J.S., Danjuma, R.A., Ochai, A.O., Adeniyi, A.K and Mohammed, M.Y. (2021b). Proximate composition, anti-nutrients and crude fibre fractions of selected peels fed to ruminants. International Technology and Science Publication, Agricultural Studies 6(3):1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.310581/j.as.2021.53001 Last accessed 7.11.2023
Okukpe, K., Lawal, M.O., Sanni, K.M., Adeyina, A.O., Alli, O.I., DeCampos, J.S. and Aderibigbe, T.A. (2019). Impact of black plum (Vitex doniana) leaf meal on blood biochemistry, hormone and cholesterol level of west african dwarf goat- bucks. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science. 21(3):238-245.
Omole, A.J., Ayodeji, I.O., Raji, M.A. (2004). The potential of mango, plantain, cocoyam and pawpaw as diets for growing snails (Archachatina marginata). Livestock Research and Rural Development. 16(12):. http://www feedipedia.org/node/516. Last accessed 27.01.2024.
Patel, A. (2012). Animal Nutrition Group, National Dairy Development Board, Anand-388 001, pp 88, 99, 100, 102 and 104. Last accessed 28.01.2024.
Popoola, Y.A., Kehinde, A.S., Oladele-Bukola, M.O., Banjoko, O.J., Durotoye, E.S and Omole, A.J. (2021). Nutritional potential of yam peel (Discorea rotundata) as feed resource for growing snails (Archachatina marginata). Journal of American Science. 17(1):1165. ISSN (online): 2375-7264. http://www.jofamericanscience.org DOI: 101.7537/marsjas170121.01. Last accessed 23.01.2024
Rêgo, M.M.T., Neiva, J.N.M., Rêgo, A.C.do., Cândido, M.J.O., Alves, A.A. and Lôbo, R.N.B. (2010). Intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance of elephant grass silage with mango by-product addition. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 39(1):71-80. https://doi.org/10.1590/51516_35982010000100010
Sanon, H. and Kanwe, A. (2010). Valorisation of mango peels and seed kernels in animal feeding: nutritive value and voluntary feed intake by sheep. Advanced Animal Bioscience. 1(2) :445-446.
Uchegbu, M.C., Ezuma, C.C., Ogbuewu, I.P. and Opara, M.N. (2008). Physiological response of finisher broilers to yam peel meal: haematology and serum biochemistry. Electronic Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Chemistry, pp. 1660-1666.