Influence of African Black Plum (Vitex doniana) Plant Parts Supplementation on Growth Performance and Economics of Production of Sahel Bucks
Keywords:
African black plum, growth performance, Sahel bucks, economies of production
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing African black plum (Vitex doniana) on the growth performance and economies of production of Sahel bucks. A total of 20 Sahel bucks with average liveweight of 12+2 kg and ages between 8-11 months were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with four animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments contained 0% African black plum (ABP), 30% ABP leaf meal, 30% ABP nut meal, 30% ABP fruit meal and 30% ABP leaf, nut and fruit meal designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Bucks were housed individually and fed the concentrate and a basal diet of groundnut haulms at 3% of their body weights for 12 weeks. Results obtained showed no significant (p>0.05) differences in growth parameters obtained across the treatments with the exception of final weight, total weight gain and average daily weight gain which were significantly (p<0.05) higher for bucks on 30% ABP leaf, nut and fruit meal combination which was however comparable to the bucks fed 30% ABP leaf meal and 30% ABP nut meal. Parameters evaluated for economies of production showed significantly (p<0.05) lower value (N989.20) for cost of feed per kilogram live-weight gain for bucks on diet T5 (30% ABP leaf, nut and fruit meal). It was concluded that 30% ABP leaf, nut and fruit meal combination could be incorporated into the diets of Sahel bucks as alternative to more expensive conventional ingredients for enhanced growth performance and reduced cost of production.
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References
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Adebisi, I.A., Ajibike, A.B., Okunlola, O.O., Oladepo, O., Amusa, H.O. and Alalade, J.A. (2022) Evaluation of selected serum macro minerals in West African Dwarf rams fed Cajanus cajan meal in total mixed ration. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Adeduntan, M.O., Omotoso, O.B., Fajemisin, A.N. and Arigbede, M.O. (2020) Blood profiling and growth response of goats fed diets containing Tomentosa nilotica seed meal. Archiva Zootechnica 23(2): 36-45
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Adeyina, A.O., Okukpe, K.M., Akanbi, A.S., Ajibade, M.D., Tiamiyu, T.T. and Salami, O.A. (2017) Effects of Black plum (Vitex doniana) leaf meal inclusion on performance, haematology and serum biochemical indices of cockerel. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 3(7): 495-499
Ahamefule, F.O. and Udo, M.D. (2010) Performance of West African Dwarf goats fed raw or processed pigeaon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal based diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37(2): 227-236
Ahmad, M.M., Abubakar, M.M., Lawan, M., Shuaibu, I. and Tijjani, A.M. (2015) Urinary intestinal Schistosomiasis among primary school age children in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Biological Science 2(1):15-22.
Amah, U.J. and Okogeri, O. (2019) Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Wild Black Plum (Vitex doniana) Seed from Ebonyi State. International of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food Science 3(1): 32-36
AOAC (2005) Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, US
Ammar, H., Kamoun, M. and Lopez, S. (2011) Effect of catalytic and energy supplementation on kid performances grazing natural rangelands in north-west Tunisia. In: Ranila, M.J., Carro, M.D., Ben Salem & Morand-Fehr, P. (Eds.). Challenging strategies to promote the sheep and goat sector in the current global context. Zaragoza: CIHEAM/CSIC/Universidad de leon/FAO, pp. 47-52.
Ashiru, R.M. (2014) Quality assessment and utilization of sugarcane waste ensiled with non-protein nitrogen sources and soybean meal by Yankasa sheep. Ph.D Dissertation, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Audu, R., Maigandi, S.A., Tijjani, A, Oke, F.O. and Baburo, A.B. (2017) Growth performance of Uda sheep fed diets containing graded levels of Rhizobium inoculated soybean genotypes. Dutse Journal of Agriculture and Food Security 4(1): 218-225.
Bello, A. A., Desai, B. G. and Dhekale, J. S. (2022) Intake and nutrient digestibility of Konkan Kanyal goats fed finger millet straw supplemented with varying levels of dried poultry dropping based diets. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Duncan, D. B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F- test. Biometrics 11:1-42
Eyoh, G.D., Ayuk, A.A., Anya, M.I. and Udo, M.D. (2018) Mineral and proximate composition of selected forages fed to West African Dwarf bucks in Obio Akpa. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(5): 129-135.
Fasae, O.A., Aganto, T.O. and Jimoh, H.O. (2018) Nutritional potentialities of neem (Azadiractha indica) plant parts as supplementary feed in ruminant production system. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(3): 301-308.
Garba, Y. (2014) Post-partum performance of small ruminants fed native browses in semi-arid, Nigeria. PhD Dissertation, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Gatenby, R. M. (2002) Sheep. Revised edition. Tropical Agricultural Series. Macmillan Publishers Limited 8pp
Jiwuba, P.C., Ahamefule, F.O., Okechukwu,O.S. and Ikwunze, K. (2016) Feed intake, body weight changes and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Agricultura 13(1-2): 71-77.
Jiwuba, P.C., Amaduronye, W.N. and Akazue. R.C. (2020) Effect of Gmelina leaf meal diets on productive and physiological parameters of West African dwarf goats. Agricultural Science and Technology 12(4): 318-323.
Jiwuba, P.D.C., Ahamefule, F.O., Okechukwu, O.S. and Gatenby, K.I. (2016) Feed intake, body weight changes and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal, Agricultura 13(1-2): 71-77.
Kperu, T.N., Otaru, S.M. and Yashim, S.M. (2022) Growth performance of Red Sokoto bucks fed basal diet of Digitaria smutsii hay supplemented with concentrate containing cassava peel meal and different nitrogen sources. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Lamidi, A.A. and Evien, E.E. (2019) Chemical composition and anti-nutritional factors of underutilized (Delonix regia) seeds processed with different methods for sustainable ruminant production. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2(2): 56-62.
Maigandi, S.A., Tukur, H.M. and Daneji, A.I. (2002) Fore-stomach digesta in the diets of growing sheep I performance and economies of production. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science 4(2): 16-21.
Mashi, A. M., Tiough, S.M. and Sylva-Nyom, I. (2022). The performance of West African Dwarf weaner bucks fed graded levels of groundnut testa as replacement for full fat soybean. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
NRC (1984) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 8th Rev. Ed., National Academy Press, Washington.
Okafor, E.C., Lakpini, C.A.M. and Fayomi, A. (2012) Dried gmelina (Gmelina arborea roxb) leaves as replacement forage to groundnut haulms in the diet of fattening Red Sokoto bucks. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 1(1): 5-10.
Okah, U. and Ibeawuchi, J.A. (2011) Growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed graded levels of dietary pigeon pea seed meal. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(11): 2461-2465.
Okpara, O. and Akporhuarho, P.O. (2020) Growth performance of West African Dwarf goats fed boiled dried Gmelina arborea and sun dried Moringa oleifera leaves. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 44(5): 244-249.
Okukpe, K. M., Lawal, M.O., Sanni, K.M., Adeyina, A.O., Alli, O.I., DeCampos, J.S. and Aderibigbe, T. A. (2019) Impact of Black plum (Vitex doniana) leaf meal on blood biochemistry, hormone and cholesterol level of West African dwarf goat-bucks. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 21 (3): 238-245.
Okunade, S.A., Olafadehan, O.A., Adebayo, B.J. and Omole, E.B. (2018) Intake, growth performance and economics of production of Yankasa rams fed ammoniated ensiled threshed sorghum top supplemented with varying concentrate regimes. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(5): 176-183.
Oloche, J., Ujor, A., Oche, E.E. and Oloche, J.J. (2020). Performance and toxicological effects of cooked baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seed meal on West African dwarf goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 22(3): 296-306.
Oyebanji, O.O., Adeyemi, S.B., Agboola, O.O. and Bolarinwa, K. (2017) Taxonomy, ethnobotany and vegetation analysis of biodiversity in Dutse Local Government, Jigawa State, Nigeria. FUW Trends in Science and Technology Journal 2(2): 679-683.
Raimi, O.C. and Adeloye, A.A. (2022) Biochemical Evaluation of Replacement of Ensiled Cassava Pulp With Cocoa Pod in the Diet of West African Dwarf Goats. Research Square pp 1-15.
Rashid, M. (2008) Goats and their nutrition. http: www.manitobagoats.ca
SAS (2003) Statistical Analysis System SAS/STAT, Cary N.C., USA.
Tripathi, M. K., Karim, S. A., Chaturvedi, O. H. and Singh, V. K. (2006) Effect of ad libitum tree leaves feeding with varying levels of concentrate on intake, microbial protein yield and growth of lambs. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 18, Article #12. https://www.lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd18/12/trip18179.htm Last accessed 10.12.2022
Udo, M.D., Ahamefule, F.O., Ibaewuchi, J.A. and Eyoh, G.D. (2018) Performance of West African Dwarf (Wad) goat fed dietary levels of boiled rubber seed meal (Hevea brasiliensis). Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research 4(5): 608-612.
Udo, M.D., Ahamefule, F.O., Ibeawuchi, J.A. and Ekpo, J.S. (2019) Relative Performance of West African Dwarf goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with raw or processed rubber seed meal. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 83(2): 94-100.
Ukanwoko, A.I., Douglas, N.C. and Igwe, N.C. (2020). Growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of grazed Red Sokoto bucks supplemented with dried plantain peels. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47(2): 264-270.
Vunchi, M.A., Umar, A.N., King, M.A., Liman, A.A., Jeremiah, G. and Aigbe, C. O. (2011) Proximate, vitamins and mineral composition of Vitex doniana (black plum) fruit pulp. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 19(1):98- 101.
Xie, B., Wang, P. J., Yan, Z. W., Ren, Y. S., Dong, K. H., Song, Z. P., Zhang, J.X. and Zhang, C. X. (2018) Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, body composition, and meat quality of goat fed Chinese jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill) fruit as a replacement for maize in diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 29pp.
Yahaya, Y.A., Sadiq, M.S. and Muhammad, I.R. (2021) Performance of Red Sokoto goat fed graded level of Ziziphus Mauritania (Magarya) leaves as milk enhancer. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48(3): 173-180.
Yusuf, A. O., Iposu, S. O., Sanwo, K. A., Akinde, K. T., Owolabi, A. J., Omotosho, O. O.A., Adedayo, O. A. and Okwelum, N. (2016) Influence of Moringa leaf meal (MOLM) supplementation on growth performance, haematological parameters and faecal egg count of West African dwarf sheep. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science (2): 492 – 506.
Adebisi, I.A., Ajibike, A.B., Okunlola, O.O., Oladepo, O., Amusa, H.O. and Alalade, J.A. (2022) Evaluation of selected serum macro minerals in West African Dwarf rams fed Cajanus cajan meal in total mixed ration. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Adeduntan, M.O., Omotoso, O.B., Fajemisin, A.N. and Arigbede, M.O. (2020) Blood profiling and growth response of goats fed diets containing Tomentosa nilotica seed meal. Archiva Zootechnica 23(2): 36-45
Adejumo, A. A., Alaye, S.A., Ajagbe, R. O., Abi, E.A., and Adedokun, F.T. (2013) Nutritional and anti–nutritional composition of Black-plum (Vitex doniana). Journal of Natural Sciences Research 3(12): 144-148
Adeyina, A.O., Okukpe, K.M., Akanbi, A.S., Ajibade, M.D., Tiamiyu, T.T. and Salami, O.A. (2017) Effects of Black plum (Vitex doniana) leaf meal inclusion on performance, haematology and serum biochemical indices of cockerel. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 3(7): 495-499
Ahamefule, F.O. and Udo, M.D. (2010) Performance of West African Dwarf goats fed raw or processed pigeaon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal based diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37(2): 227-236
Ahmad, M.M., Abubakar, M.M., Lawan, M., Shuaibu, I. and Tijjani, A.M. (2015) Urinary intestinal Schistosomiasis among primary school age children in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Biological Science 2(1):15-22.
Amah, U.J. and Okogeri, O. (2019) Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Wild Black Plum (Vitex doniana) Seed from Ebonyi State. International of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food Science 3(1): 32-36
AOAC (2005) Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, US
Ammar, H., Kamoun, M. and Lopez, S. (2011) Effect of catalytic and energy supplementation on kid performances grazing natural rangelands in north-west Tunisia. In: Ranila, M.J., Carro, M.D., Ben Salem & Morand-Fehr, P. (Eds.). Challenging strategies to promote the sheep and goat sector in the current global context. Zaragoza: CIHEAM/CSIC/Universidad de leon/FAO, pp. 47-52.
Ashiru, R.M. (2014) Quality assessment and utilization of sugarcane waste ensiled with non-protein nitrogen sources and soybean meal by Yankasa sheep. Ph.D Dissertation, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Audu, R., Maigandi, S.A., Tijjani, A, Oke, F.O. and Baburo, A.B. (2017) Growth performance of Uda sheep fed diets containing graded levels of Rhizobium inoculated soybean genotypes. Dutse Journal of Agriculture and Food Security 4(1): 218-225.
Bello, A. A., Desai, B. G. and Dhekale, J. S. (2022) Intake and nutrient digestibility of Konkan Kanyal goats fed finger millet straw supplemented with varying levels of dried poultry dropping based diets. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Duncan, D. B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F- test. Biometrics 11:1-42
Eyoh, G.D., Ayuk, A.A., Anya, M.I. and Udo, M.D. (2018) Mineral and proximate composition of selected forages fed to West African Dwarf bucks in Obio Akpa. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(5): 129-135.
Fasae, O.A., Aganto, T.O. and Jimoh, H.O. (2018) Nutritional potentialities of neem (Azadiractha indica) plant parts as supplementary feed in ruminant production system. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(3): 301-308.
Garba, Y. (2014) Post-partum performance of small ruminants fed native browses in semi-arid, Nigeria. PhD Dissertation, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Gatenby, R. M. (2002) Sheep. Revised edition. Tropical Agricultural Series. Macmillan Publishers Limited 8pp
Jiwuba, P.C., Ahamefule, F.O., Okechukwu,O.S. and Ikwunze, K. (2016) Feed intake, body weight changes and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Agricultura 13(1-2): 71-77.
Jiwuba, P.C., Amaduronye, W.N. and Akazue. R.C. (2020) Effect of Gmelina leaf meal diets on productive and physiological parameters of West African dwarf goats. Agricultural Science and Technology 12(4): 318-323.
Jiwuba, P.D.C., Ahamefule, F.O., Okechukwu, O.S. and Gatenby, K.I. (2016) Feed intake, body weight changes and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal, Agricultura 13(1-2): 71-77.
Kperu, T.N., Otaru, S.M. and Yashim, S.M. (2022) Growth performance of Red Sokoto bucks fed basal diet of Digitaria smutsii hay supplemented with concentrate containing cassava peel meal and different nitrogen sources. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Lamidi, A.A. and Evien, E.E. (2019) Chemical composition and anti-nutritional factors of underutilized (Delonix regia) seeds processed with different methods for sustainable ruminant production. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2(2): 56-62.
Maigandi, S.A., Tukur, H.M. and Daneji, A.I. (2002) Fore-stomach digesta in the diets of growing sheep I performance and economies of production. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science 4(2): 16-21.
Mashi, A. M., Tiough, S.M. and Sylva-Nyom, I. (2022). The performance of West African Dwarf weaner bucks fed graded levels of groundnut testa as replacement for full fat soybean. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 13th – 17th March, 2022, University of Jos, Nigeria.
NRC (1984) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 8th Rev. Ed., National Academy Press, Washington.
Okafor, E.C., Lakpini, C.A.M. and Fayomi, A. (2012) Dried gmelina (Gmelina arborea roxb) leaves as replacement forage to groundnut haulms in the diet of fattening Red Sokoto bucks. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 1(1): 5-10.
Okah, U. and Ibeawuchi, J.A. (2011) Growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed graded levels of dietary pigeon pea seed meal. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(11): 2461-2465.
Okpara, O. and Akporhuarho, P.O. (2020) Growth performance of West African Dwarf goats fed boiled dried Gmelina arborea and sun dried Moringa oleifera leaves. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 44(5): 244-249.
Okukpe, K. M., Lawal, M.O., Sanni, K.M., Adeyina, A.O., Alli, O.I., DeCampos, J.S. and Aderibigbe, T. A. (2019) Impact of Black plum (Vitex doniana) leaf meal on blood biochemistry, hormone and cholesterol level of West African dwarf goat-bucks. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 21 (3): 238-245.
Okunade, S.A., Olafadehan, O.A., Adebayo, B.J. and Omole, E.B. (2018) Intake, growth performance and economics of production of Yankasa rams fed ammoniated ensiled threshed sorghum top supplemented with varying concentrate regimes. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(5): 176-183.
Oloche, J., Ujor, A., Oche, E.E. and Oloche, J.J. (2020). Performance and toxicological effects of cooked baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seed meal on West African dwarf goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 22(3): 296-306.
Oyebanji, O.O., Adeyemi, S.B., Agboola, O.O. and Bolarinwa, K. (2017) Taxonomy, ethnobotany and vegetation analysis of biodiversity in Dutse Local Government, Jigawa State, Nigeria. FUW Trends in Science and Technology Journal 2(2): 679-683.
Raimi, O.C. and Adeloye, A.A. (2022) Biochemical Evaluation of Replacement of Ensiled Cassava Pulp With Cocoa Pod in the Diet of West African Dwarf Goats. Research Square pp 1-15.
Rashid, M. (2008) Goats and their nutrition. http: www.manitobagoats.ca
SAS (2003) Statistical Analysis System SAS/STAT, Cary N.C., USA.
Tripathi, M. K., Karim, S. A., Chaturvedi, O. H. and Singh, V. K. (2006) Effect of ad libitum tree leaves feeding with varying levels of concentrate on intake, microbial protein yield and growth of lambs. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 18, Article #12. https://www.lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd18/12/trip18179.htm Last accessed 10.12.2022
Udo, M.D., Ahamefule, F.O., Ibaewuchi, J.A. and Eyoh, G.D. (2018) Performance of West African Dwarf (Wad) goat fed dietary levels of boiled rubber seed meal (Hevea brasiliensis). Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research 4(5): 608-612.
Udo, M.D., Ahamefule, F.O., Ibeawuchi, J.A. and Ekpo, J.S. (2019) Relative Performance of West African Dwarf goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with raw or processed rubber seed meal. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 83(2): 94-100.
Ukanwoko, A.I., Douglas, N.C. and Igwe, N.C. (2020). Growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of grazed Red Sokoto bucks supplemented with dried plantain peels. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47(2): 264-270.
Vunchi, M.A., Umar, A.N., King, M.A., Liman, A.A., Jeremiah, G. and Aigbe, C. O. (2011) Proximate, vitamins and mineral composition of Vitex doniana (black plum) fruit pulp. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 19(1):98- 101.
Xie, B., Wang, P. J., Yan, Z. W., Ren, Y. S., Dong, K. H., Song, Z. P., Zhang, J.X. and Zhang, C. X. (2018) Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, body composition, and meat quality of goat fed Chinese jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill) fruit as a replacement for maize in diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 29pp.
Yahaya, Y.A., Sadiq, M.S. and Muhammad, I.R. (2021) Performance of Red Sokoto goat fed graded level of Ziziphus Mauritania (Magarya) leaves as milk enhancer. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48(3): 173-180.
Yusuf, A. O., Iposu, S. O., Sanwo, K. A., Akinde, K. T., Owolabi, A. J., Omotosho, O. O.A., Adedayo, O. A. and Okwelum, N. (2016) Influence of Moringa leaf meal (MOLM) supplementation on growth performance, haematological parameters and faecal egg count of West African dwarf sheep. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science (2): 492 – 506.
Published
2023-08-10
How to Cite
Audu, R., Garba, Y., & Rano, N. B. (2023). Influence of African Black Plum (Vitex doniana) Plant Parts Supplementation on Growth Performance and Economics of Production of Sahel Bucks. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 6(2), 35 - 46. Retrieved from https://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/255
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