Quality and mineral composition of eggs of duck and chicken reared extensively in Ugep, Cross River state, Nigeria
Abstract
A total number of 160 eggs, 80 each per poultry species (local chicken and guinea fowl) extensively reared in Ugep, Cross River state of Nigeria, were subjected to analyses to evaluate their internal and external qualities, estimate the phenotypic correlations and to determine their proximate and mineral compositions. Data obtained was analyzed using the students’ T-Test and Pearson’s correlation sub routine of SPSS. Results of internal egg qualities showed that albumen height, albumen weight, yolk diameter and yolk height of local chicken eggs were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of guinea fowl. Chicken eggs were heavier (41.22 g) than guinea fowl (36.30 g). However, guinea fowl eggs had significantly (p<0.05) higher shell weight and thickness (7.64 g and 2.80 mm, respectively) than chicken’s (5.51 g and 1.51 mm, respectively). Higher crude protein content was found in chicken eggs (9.01%) than guinea fowl eggs (8.01%). Moisture content of the eggs was 72.59 and 76.49% for chicken and guinea fowl, respectively. Significantly higher (p<0.05) potassium, phosphorus and sulphur contents were recorded for the chicken eggs, whereas guinea fowl eggs exhibited significantly higher calcium content. Strong and positive correlations were observed between yolk weight and height (0.606), as well as between egg weight and diameter (0.649) in local chicken eggs. Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) high and positive associations were recorded between egg and shell weights (0.836), and egg weight and length (0.675) in guinea fowls. Following the findings from this research, it was concluded that selection for yolk weight would yield a rapid improvement in yolk height, albumen height and albumen weight in Ugep local chickens, while selection for egg weight would give a resultant improvement in shell weight and egg length in the guinea fowls. The chickens can be raised for the superiority of their eggs in terms of proximate and mineral contents, while the guinea fowl eggs are more preferable when eggs are to be stored for longer duration of time because of their higher yolk index, calcium content and thicker shells.
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