Effect of Graded Levels of Groundnut oil Supplemented diets on Performance and Rumen Microbial Load of Uda Rams
Keywords:
Fatty acids, Groundnut oil, Micro-organisms, Rumen, Uda rams
Abstract
The trial was conducted at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University to evaluate rumen microbial population and fatty acids composition of diets supplemented with graded levels groundnut oil. The four (4) dietary treatments were; Treatment 1 (control) and. treatments 2, 3 and 4 each contained graded levels (0, 15, 30 and 45ml/kg) of groundnut oil. Results showed the presence of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Aspergillus niger, Staphycoccus aureus, and Enterobacter spp in diets containing oils, while Bacillus anthracis, Staphycoccus aureus, and Enterobacter spp occurred in all diets. There was no significant difference in total fatty acid (FA), 18:00, 18:1 cis11, trans18, and 18:3 among the treatments, but 18:2 and Total c18 differed significantly. Groundnut oil supplementation improved fungal load count, but there was no variation in terms of bacteria count. Additionally, total fatty acids as a percentage of dry matter increased with increasing levels of groundnut oil. The study concluded that supplementation of groundnut oil improved Fungi load count though the results showed no variation in terms of bacterial count. The study also concluded that total fatty acids as percentage dry matter increased with increasing levels of groundnut oil. Based on these findings, it is recommended that groundnut oil be used to enhance the nutritional value of cattle feed. However, caution should be taken to ensure proper storage and handling of the oils to prevent contamination by harmful microorganisms. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of groundnut oil supplementation on animal health and productivity.
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References
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Lourenço, M., Ramos-Morales, E. and Wallace, R. J. (2010). The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohyrogenation and their manipulation. Animal 4:1008-1023.
Lourenco, M., Van Ranst, G., Vlaeminck, B., De Smet, S., Fievez, V. (2008). Influence of different dietary forages on the fatty acid composition of rumen digesta as well as ruminant meat and milk. Animal Feed Science Technology 145:418–437.
Malami, B.S., Rambo, U.G. and Nasiru, M. (2001). A note on the indigenous knowledge on treating camel (Camelus dromedary) disease among farmers in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural and environmental 2(1):159-163.
Mamman, A.B., Oyebanji J.O. and Peter S.W. (2000). A people united, a future assured, survey of state. Vol. 1 (112). Gabumo publishing Co. Ltd., Calabar, Nigeria
Nam I. S and Garnsworthy P. C (2007) Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by rumen fungi compared with rumen bacteria. Journal Applied Microbiology 103:551–556
Okoruwa, M. I. Ehebha, E. T. E. Omoragbon E. (2015) Replacement Value of Avocado Seeds with Orange Peels Meal for Guinea Grass on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Sheep. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 2(7):35-40
Okoruwa, M. I., Obiku, A. Agbonlahor, I. (2013). Rumen indices and performance response of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep as influenced by orange with pineapple pulps. International Journal of Agri Science. 3(11):862 – 870
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Palmquist, D. (1988). The feeding value of fats. In: Feed Science (E.R.Orskov, Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 293-311.
Potu, R.B., AbuGhazaleh, A.A., Hastings, D., Jones, K. and Ibrahim, S.A. (2011). The effect of lipid supplements on ruminal bacteria in continuous culture fermenters varies with the fatty acid composition. Journal. Microbiology 49:216–223.
Rosberg-Cody, E., Stanton, C., O'Mahony, L., Wall, R., Shanahan, F., Quigley, E. M., Fitzgerald, G. F. and Ross, R. P. (2011). Recombinant lactobacilli expressing linoleic acid isomerase can modulate the fatty acid composition of host adipose tissue in mice. Journal of Microbiology 157:609-615.
SEPP (1996). Sokoto environmental Protection Programme, metrological data, unpublished
Sinclair, L. A., Cooper, S. L., Huntington, J. A., Wilkinson, R. G., Hallett, K. G., Enser, M. and Wood, J. D. (2005) In vitro biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protected against ruminal microbial metabolism. Animal Feed science and Technology 124: 579-596.
Wallace, R. J., Chaudhary, L. C., McKain, N., McEwan, N. R., Richardson, A. J., Vercoe, P. E., Walker, N. D. and Paillard, D. (2006) ‘Clostridium proteoclasticum: a ruminal bacterium that forms stearic acid from linoleic acid’. FEMS Microbiology Letters 265: 195-201.
Yang, B., Chen, H., Stanton, C., Ross, R. P., Zhang, H., Chen, Y. Q. and Chen, W. (2015). Review of the roles of conjugated linoleic acid in health and disease. Journal of Functional Foods 15:314-325.
Yusuf, K. O., Isah, O. A. Onwuka, C. F. I., Olanite, J. A. Oni, A. O. and Aderinboye R. Y. (2013). Effects of enzymes additive on nutrient intake digestibility and rumen metabolites of yearling cattle fed grass hay based diet. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science. 15: 155 – 167
Bain, A., Wiryawan, I. K. G., Astuti, D. A., Arman C. and Suharti, S. (2017). Fermentability and Nutrient Digestibility of Ration Supplemented with Soybean Oil Calcium Soap and Cashew Fruit Flour. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 16: 945-953.
Beam, T. M., Jenkins, T. C., Moate, P. J., Kohn, R. A. and Palmquist, D. L. (2000) Effects of amount and source of fat on the rates of lipolysis and biohydrogenation of fatty acids in ruminal contents. Journal of Dairy Science, 83: 2562-2573.
Buccioni, A., Decandia, M., Minieri, S., Molle, G. and Cabiddu, A. (2012) Lipid metabolism in the rumen: New insights on lipolysis and biohydrogenation with an emphasis on the role of endogenous plant factors. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 174: 1-25.
Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Losa R. (2007): Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132: 186–201.
Chaves A.V., He M. L., Yang W. Z., Hristov A. N., McAllister T. A. and Benchaar C. (2008): Effects of essential oils on proteolytic, deaminative and methanogenic activities of mixed ruminal bacteria. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 88: 117–122.Cheng, K. J., Forsberg, C. W., Minato, H. and Costerton, J. W. (1990). Microbial ecology and physiology in feed degradation within the rumen. In: T. TsUda, Y. Sasaki and R. Kawashima (eds.) Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants. Academic press, San Diego, USA pp. 594- 624.
Dhiman, T. R., Satter, L. D., Pariza, M. W., Galli, M. P., Albright, K. and Tolosa M. X. (2000). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk from cows offered diets rich in linoleic and linolenic acid. Journal of Dairy Science, 83:1016-1027.
Duckett, S. K., Andrae, J. G. and Owens, F. N. (2002). Effect of high-oil corn or added corn oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid formation in beef steers fed finishing diets. Journal of Animal Science. 80:3353-3360.
Durmic, Z., McSweeney, C. S., Kemp, G. W., Hutton, P., Wallace, R. J. and Vercoe, P. E. (2008). Australian plants with potential to inhibit bacteria and processes involved in ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145:271-284.
Harfoot, C. G., and G. P. Hazlewood. (1988). Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In: The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem (Hobson, P.N., ed. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pg. 285-322.
Hazlewood, G. P. and Dawson, R. M. C. (1975) Isolation and properties of a phospholipid-hydrolysing bacterium from ovine rumen fluid. Journal of General Microbiology, 89: 163-174.
Henderson G, Leahy SC, Janssen PH (2010) Presence of novel, potentially homoacetogenic bacteria in the rumen as determined by analysis of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase sequences from ruminants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76:2058–2066. Doi:10.1128/AEM.02580-09.
Henderson, C. (1971). "A study of the lipase produced by Anaerovibrio lipolytica, a rumen bacterium." Journal Gen Microbiology 65(1): 81-89.
Hespell, R. B. and O’Bryan-Shah P. J. (1988) Esterase activities in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Applied Environmental Microbiology 54:1917–1922
Hudson, J. A., Morvan, B. and Joblin, K. A. (1998) Hydration of linoleic acid by bacteria isolated from ruminants. FEMS Microbiology Letters 169: 277-282.
Jenkins, T. C., Wallace, R. J. Moate, P. J. and Mosley, E. E. (2008). Board-Invited Review: Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. Journal Animal Science 86:397-412.
Kennedy A., Martinez K., Schmidt S., Mandrup S., LaPoint K. and McIntosh M. (2010) Antiobesity mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry21:171–179.
Kim, J. K., Huws, S. A., Lee, M. R. F. and Scollan, N, D. (2009) Dietary Transformation of Lipid in the Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 22:1341-1350.
Latham, M. J., Storry, J. E. and Sharpe, M. E. (1972). Effect of low-roughage diets on the microflora and lipid metabolism in the rumen. Applied Microbiology 24(6):871-877.
Lourenço, M., Ramos-Morales, E. and Wallace, R. J. (2010). The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohyrogenation and their manipulation. Animal 4:1008-1023.
Lourenco, M., Van Ranst, G., Vlaeminck, B., De Smet, S., Fievez, V. (2008). Influence of different dietary forages on the fatty acid composition of rumen digesta as well as ruminant meat and milk. Animal Feed Science Technology 145:418–437.
Malami, B.S., Rambo, U.G. and Nasiru, M. (2001). A note on the indigenous knowledge on treating camel (Camelus dromedary) disease among farmers in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural and environmental 2(1):159-163.
Mamman, A.B., Oyebanji J.O. and Peter S.W. (2000). A people united, a future assured, survey of state. Vol. 1 (112). Gabumo publishing Co. Ltd., Calabar, Nigeria
Nam I. S and Garnsworthy P. C (2007) Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by rumen fungi compared with rumen bacteria. Journal Applied Microbiology 103:551–556
Okoruwa, M. I. Ehebha, E. T. E. Omoragbon E. (2015) Replacement Value of Avocado Seeds with Orange Peels Meal for Guinea Grass on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Sheep. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 2(7):35-40
Okoruwa, M. I., Obiku, A. Agbonlahor, I. (2013). Rumen indices and performance response of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep as influenced by orange with pineapple pulps. International Journal of Agri Science. 3(11):862 – 870
Ørskov, E.R. and Ryle, M. (1990). Energy Nutrition in Ruminants. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers LTD. Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex 1GII 8JU, England. ISBN 1-85166-439-4. 149pp.
Palmquist, D. (1988). The feeding value of fats. In: Feed Science (E.R.Orskov, Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 293-311.
Potu, R.B., AbuGhazaleh, A.A., Hastings, D., Jones, K. and Ibrahim, S.A. (2011). The effect of lipid supplements on ruminal bacteria in continuous culture fermenters varies with the fatty acid composition. Journal. Microbiology 49:216–223.
Rosberg-Cody, E., Stanton, C., O'Mahony, L., Wall, R., Shanahan, F., Quigley, E. M., Fitzgerald, G. F. and Ross, R. P. (2011). Recombinant lactobacilli expressing linoleic acid isomerase can modulate the fatty acid composition of host adipose tissue in mice. Journal of Microbiology 157:609-615.
SEPP (1996). Sokoto environmental Protection Programme, metrological data, unpublished
Sinclair, L. A., Cooper, S. L., Huntington, J. A., Wilkinson, R. G., Hallett, K. G., Enser, M. and Wood, J. D. (2005) In vitro biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protected against ruminal microbial metabolism. Animal Feed science and Technology 124: 579-596.
Wallace, R. J., Chaudhary, L. C., McKain, N., McEwan, N. R., Richardson, A. J., Vercoe, P. E., Walker, N. D. and Paillard, D. (2006) ‘Clostridium proteoclasticum: a ruminal bacterium that forms stearic acid from linoleic acid’. FEMS Microbiology Letters 265: 195-201.
Yang, B., Chen, H., Stanton, C., Ross, R. P., Zhang, H., Chen, Y. Q. and Chen, W. (2015). Review of the roles of conjugated linoleic acid in health and disease. Journal of Functional Foods 15:314-325.
Yusuf, K. O., Isah, O. A. Onwuka, C. F. I., Olanite, J. A. Oni, A. O. and Aderinboye R. Y. (2013). Effects of enzymes additive on nutrient intake digestibility and rumen metabolites of yearling cattle fed grass hay based diet. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science. 15: 155 – 167
Published
2024-11-23
How to Cite
Kolo, U. M., Maigandi, S. A, Malami, B. S., Aljameel, K.M., Yerima, J., Girgiri, A. Y., Bislava, M. B., Amin, A. B., Chana, Z. M., Abdullahi, A. M., Abbator, F. I., & Shettima, S.M. (2024). Effect of Graded Levels of Groundnut oil Supplemented diets on Performance and Rumen Microbial Load of Uda Rams. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 7(2), 43 - 52. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/338
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