Effects of Enterolobium cyclocarpum Seed Meal Inclusion in Total Mixed Rations Mash on Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of West African Dwarf Goats
Keywords:
Enterolobium cyclocarpum Seed Meal, Haematological, Serum Biochemical Indices, West African Dwarf Goat
Abstract
Haematological parameters are valuable in monitoring feed toxicity, especially, diets that contains ingredients that affect the blood standard ranges as well as the health status of livestock. Therefore, this study evaluated the haematological and serum biochemical indices of West African Dwarf goats fed total mixed rations mash containing graded levels of Enterolobium cyclocarpum seed meal. Five total mixed rations mash (TMRM) containing five inclusion levels (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 g/kg) of toasted E. cyclocarpum seed meal (TECSM) were compounded. Twenty-five (25) West African Dwarf goats with average weight of 8.31 ± 0.20 kg were divided into 5 groups on weight equalization basis with five replicates. The experiment was divided into haematological and serum biochemical indices. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software. Significant means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range tests at 5% significance level. According to the results of this study, TMRM containing 180 g/kg TECSM showed increased packed cell volume, haemoglobin and reduced white blood cell. Goats fed TMRM 4 showed increased (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, neutrophil and monocytes at the final stages. Results showed that TMRM containing 180 g/kg TECSM had the highest (p<0.05) packed cell volume; 33.00%, haemoglobin; 10.36 g/dl,neutrophil; 33.34%, and monocytes; 1.00%. The lowest (P>0.05) PCV (25.33%), haemoglobin (7.50 g/dl) and neutrophil (28.00%) respectively were recorded in TMRM containing 0 g/kg TECSM at the final stage. Goats fed mash with 180 g/kg TECSM had the highest(p<0.05); total protein(6.67 g/dl), globulin (3.67 g/dl) and AST (109.16 u/L)at the final stage while the lowest total protein (6.17) and globulin (2.89 g/dl) respectively were recorded in goats fed mash without TECSM.Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that, TECSM in the total mixed rations mash improved the packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cells of the experimental goats. And 180 g/kg TECSM level of inclusion was recommended for good health of the goats.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Addass, P. A., David, D. I., Edward, A., Zira, K. E. and Midak, A. (2020). Effect of age, sex and management system on some haematological parameters of intensively and semi-intensively kept chicken in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2(3):277-282.
Adejumo, D. O. (2004.) Performance, organ development and haematological indices of rats fed sole diets of graded levels of cassava flour and soybean flour (soygari) as substitutes for energy and protein concentrates. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 7: 57-63.
Adugna, T, Roger, M. C., Arthur, G. L., Tilahun, S. and Tegene, N. (2000). Nutritional constraints and future prospective for goat production in east Africa. In: proceeding of the conference on opportunities and challenges of enhancing goat production in east Africa, November 2000, Langston University, Langston, USA and Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia. Pp. 1-21.
Adugna, T. (2007). Feed Resource for producing Export Quality meat and meat Livestock in Ethiopia. Examples from selected Woredas in Oromia and SNNP Regional states. December, 2007. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pp. 46, 52, 75.
Ajao, B. H., Ola, S. I., Adameji, O. V. and Kolawole, R. F. (2013). The relationship of ambient temperature and relative humidity of thermo respiratory function of greater grasscutter.Proceeding of the 18th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 92.
Aro, S. O. and Akinmoegun, M. B. (2012). Haematology and red blood cell osmotic stability of pigs fed graded levels of fermented cassava peel based diets. Proc. 17th Annual Conf. of Anim. Sci. Assoc. of Nigeria (ASAN), 152-153.
Aro, S. O., Ogunwale, F. F. and Falade, O. A. (2013). Blood viscosity of finisher cockerel fed dietary inclusions of fermented cassava tuber wastes. Proc. of the 18th Annual Conf. of Anim. Sci. Assoc. of Nig. ,Pp. 74-77.
Aya, V. E., Ayanwale, B. A., Ijaiya, A. T. and Aremu, A. (2013). Haematological and serum biochemistry indices of broiler chickens fed rumen filtrate fermented palm kernel meal based diet. Proc. of the 18th Annual Conf. of Anim. Sci. Assoc. of Nig., 329.
Bawala, T. O., Akpan, U., Ogunnowo, A. O., Fasae, O. A. and Sogunle, O. M. (2007). Influence of Mg supplementation on the haematological indices of young West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Proc. of the 32nd Annual Conf. of NSAP, 76-78.
Brunsdon, R. B. (1964). The effect of nutrition on the establishment of persistence of Trichostrongyle infestation.New ZealandVeterinary Journal, 12, 108-111.
Coles, E. H. (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology. (4th edition.) Published, W. B. Saunders and co., Philadephia London, Toronto. 457pp.
Esonu, B. O., Emenalom, O. O., Udedibie, A. B. I., Herbert, U. Ekpor, C. F., Okolie, I. C. and Iheukwumere, F. C. (2001). Performance and blood chemistry of weaner pigs fed raw Mucuna (Velvet Bean). Tropical Animal Production Investigations, 4: 49-54.
Etim, N. N. and Oguike, M. A. (2010). Egg production of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus): Implications for food security. Proc. of the 35th Annual Conf. of the Nig. Soc. for Anim. Prod. (NSAP), Pp. 660.
F.A.O. (2007). Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations Rome, 2007.
Fasae, O. A., Amos, O. A., Owodunni, A. and Yusuf, A. O. (2015). Perfomance, heamatological parameters and feacal egg count of semi-intensively managed West African Dwarf sheep to varying levels of cassava leaves and peel supplement. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 38 (1): 71-81.
Fraser, C. M. and Mays, A. (1986). The Merck Veterinary Manual.A handbook of diagnosis, therapy and disease prevention and control for the Veterinarian.Sixth Edition. Merck and Co., Inc. Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 905–908
Graczyk, S., Pliszczak-Król, A., Kotonski, B., Wilczek, J. and Chmielak, Z. (2003). Examination of haematological and metabolic changes mechanisms of acute stress in turkeys. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 6:1-10.
Grant, G.H. (1987). Essential Amino acids andprotein. In: Fundamentals of chemicalchemistry.
Henry, R. J. and Stobel, C. (1957). Determination of serum proteins by Biuret reaction. Analytical Chemistry 92:1491.
Ikhimioya, I. and Imasuen, J. A., (2007). Blood profile of West African Dwarf Goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with Afzelia africana and New bouldialaevis. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6:79- 84.
Isaac, L. J., Abah, G., Akpan, B. and Ekaette, I. U., (2013). Haematological properties of different breeds and sexes of rabbits. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 24-27.
Madubuike, F. N. and Ekenyem, B. U. (2006). Haematology and Serum Biochemistry Characteristics of Broiler Chicks Fed Varying Dietary Levels of Ipomoea asarifoliaLeaf Meal.International Journal of Poultry Science, 5: 9-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.9.12
Maigandi, S. A., Tukur, H. M. and Daneji, A. I. (2003). Fore-Stomach Digesta in the Diets of Growing Sheep; I: Performance and economics of Production. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 4(2): 16-21.
Menon, D. G., Bennett, D. C. Schaefer, A. M. and Cheng, K. M. (2013). Hematological and serum biochemical profile of farm emus (Dromaiusnovaehollandiae) at the onset of their breeding season. Poultry Science, 92: 935-944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02870
Merck Vetenary Manual. (2015). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N. J.,U.S.A.
Mitruka B. M. and Rawnsely, H. M. (1977). Clinical biochemical and haematological reference values in normal experimental animals New York Mass publishing
Oduye, O. O. (1976). Haematological Values of Nigerian goats and sheep.Tropical Animal Health and Production, 8: 131-136.
Okoruwa, M.I., Adewumi, M.K. and Njidda, A.A. (2013a). Nutrient utilization and growth performance of West African dwarf goats fed with elephant grass or different proportion of plantain and mango peels. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(6): 194–202.
Okoruwa, M. I. and Ikhimioya, I. (2014). Haematological indices and serum biochemical profiles of Dwarf goats fed Elephant grass and varying levels of combined Plantain with Mango peels. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4:6-10
Ososanya, T. O., Adewumi, M. K and Faniyi, T. O. (2014). Influence of water – washed neem fruits (Azardirachtaindica A. juss) on haematology and serum biochemical indices of West African Dwarf ewes. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 4(2): 225-232.
Prvulovic, D., Kosarcic, S., Popovic, M., Dimitrigevic, D. and Grubor-Lajsic, G. (1983). The influence of Hydrated aluminosilicate on biochemical and haematological blood parameters, growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances.11 (1):134–140.
SAS®. (2002). User’s guide: Statistics, Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, NC, USA.
Schalms, O. W., Jane, N. C. and Carol, E. J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology. 3rd edition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.15-18 pp.
Sharifi, M. R., Shams-Sharg, M., Dastar, B. and Hassini, S. (2011). The effect of dietary protein levels on blood characteristics and carcass yields of Japanese quail (Cortunixcortunix Japonica). Italian Journal of Anim. Sci. Available at: 10:e4doi:10.4081/ijas.2011.e4
Swanson, K. S., Kuzmuk, K. N., Schook, L. B. and Fahey, G. C. 2004. Diet Affects Nutrient Digestibility, Hematology, and Serum Chemistry of Senior and Weanling Dogs. Journal of Animal Science, 82:1713-1724.
Swenson, M. J. (1970). Physiological properties, cellular and chemical constituents of blood. Dukes Physiology of Domestic Animal. ed. Cornstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, London, 75-83.
Trinders, P. (1969). Analytical Clinical Biochemistry.Lexi – Comp. Ltd, Hudson. 6: 24-28. University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. 2012. Forage: Hay Quality. Hampshire: UNH Cooperative Extension
Waziri, M. A., Ribadu, A. Y., Sivachelvan, N. (2010). Changes in the serum proteins, hematological and some serum biochemical profiles in the gestation period in the sahel goats. Veterinarski Ahrhiv, 80: 215-224.
Wilkins, R. J. (2000). Forages and their role in animal systems. In: Givens, D. I., Owen, E., Oxford, R. F. E., Omed, H. M. (Eds.), Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 1–14
Adejumo, D. O. (2004.) Performance, organ development and haematological indices of rats fed sole diets of graded levels of cassava flour and soybean flour (soygari) as substitutes for energy and protein concentrates. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 7: 57-63.
Adugna, T, Roger, M. C., Arthur, G. L., Tilahun, S. and Tegene, N. (2000). Nutritional constraints and future prospective for goat production in east Africa. In: proceeding of the conference on opportunities and challenges of enhancing goat production in east Africa, November 2000, Langston University, Langston, USA and Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia. Pp. 1-21.
Adugna, T. (2007). Feed Resource for producing Export Quality meat and meat Livestock in Ethiopia. Examples from selected Woredas in Oromia and SNNP Regional states. December, 2007. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pp. 46, 52, 75.
Ajao, B. H., Ola, S. I., Adameji, O. V. and Kolawole, R. F. (2013). The relationship of ambient temperature and relative humidity of thermo respiratory function of greater grasscutter.Proceeding of the 18th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 92.
Aro, S. O. and Akinmoegun, M. B. (2012). Haematology and red blood cell osmotic stability of pigs fed graded levels of fermented cassava peel based diets. Proc. 17th Annual Conf. of Anim. Sci. Assoc. of Nigeria (ASAN), 152-153.
Aro, S. O., Ogunwale, F. F. and Falade, O. A. (2013). Blood viscosity of finisher cockerel fed dietary inclusions of fermented cassava tuber wastes. Proc. of the 18th Annual Conf. of Anim. Sci. Assoc. of Nig. ,Pp. 74-77.
Aya, V. E., Ayanwale, B. A., Ijaiya, A. T. and Aremu, A. (2013). Haematological and serum biochemistry indices of broiler chickens fed rumen filtrate fermented palm kernel meal based diet. Proc. of the 18th Annual Conf. of Anim. Sci. Assoc. of Nig., 329.
Bawala, T. O., Akpan, U., Ogunnowo, A. O., Fasae, O. A. and Sogunle, O. M. (2007). Influence of Mg supplementation on the haematological indices of young West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Proc. of the 32nd Annual Conf. of NSAP, 76-78.
Brunsdon, R. B. (1964). The effect of nutrition on the establishment of persistence of Trichostrongyle infestation.New ZealandVeterinary Journal, 12, 108-111.
Coles, E. H. (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology. (4th edition.) Published, W. B. Saunders and co., Philadephia London, Toronto. 457pp.
Esonu, B. O., Emenalom, O. O., Udedibie, A. B. I., Herbert, U. Ekpor, C. F., Okolie, I. C. and Iheukwumere, F. C. (2001). Performance and blood chemistry of weaner pigs fed raw Mucuna (Velvet Bean). Tropical Animal Production Investigations, 4: 49-54.
Etim, N. N. and Oguike, M. A. (2010). Egg production of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus): Implications for food security. Proc. of the 35th Annual Conf. of the Nig. Soc. for Anim. Prod. (NSAP), Pp. 660.
F.A.O. (2007). Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations Rome, 2007.
Fasae, O. A., Amos, O. A., Owodunni, A. and Yusuf, A. O. (2015). Perfomance, heamatological parameters and feacal egg count of semi-intensively managed West African Dwarf sheep to varying levels of cassava leaves and peel supplement. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 38 (1): 71-81.
Fraser, C. M. and Mays, A. (1986). The Merck Veterinary Manual.A handbook of diagnosis, therapy and disease prevention and control for the Veterinarian.Sixth Edition. Merck and Co., Inc. Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 905–908
Graczyk, S., Pliszczak-Król, A., Kotonski, B., Wilczek, J. and Chmielak, Z. (2003). Examination of haematological and metabolic changes mechanisms of acute stress in turkeys. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 6:1-10.
Grant, G.H. (1987). Essential Amino acids andprotein. In: Fundamentals of chemicalchemistry.
Henry, R. J. and Stobel, C. (1957). Determination of serum proteins by Biuret reaction. Analytical Chemistry 92:1491.
Ikhimioya, I. and Imasuen, J. A., (2007). Blood profile of West African Dwarf Goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with Afzelia africana and New bouldialaevis. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6:79- 84.
Isaac, L. J., Abah, G., Akpan, B. and Ekaette, I. U., (2013). Haematological properties of different breeds and sexes of rabbits. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 24-27.
Madubuike, F. N. and Ekenyem, B. U. (2006). Haematology and Serum Biochemistry Characteristics of Broiler Chicks Fed Varying Dietary Levels of Ipomoea asarifoliaLeaf Meal.International Journal of Poultry Science, 5: 9-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.9.12
Maigandi, S. A., Tukur, H. M. and Daneji, A. I. (2003). Fore-Stomach Digesta in the Diets of Growing Sheep; I: Performance and economics of Production. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 4(2): 16-21.
Menon, D. G., Bennett, D. C. Schaefer, A. M. and Cheng, K. M. (2013). Hematological and serum biochemical profile of farm emus (Dromaiusnovaehollandiae) at the onset of their breeding season. Poultry Science, 92: 935-944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02870
Merck Vetenary Manual. (2015). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N. J.,U.S.A.
Mitruka B. M. and Rawnsely, H. M. (1977). Clinical biochemical and haematological reference values in normal experimental animals New York Mass publishing
Oduye, O. O. (1976). Haematological Values of Nigerian goats and sheep.Tropical Animal Health and Production, 8: 131-136.
Okoruwa, M.I., Adewumi, M.K. and Njidda, A.A. (2013a). Nutrient utilization and growth performance of West African dwarf goats fed with elephant grass or different proportion of plantain and mango peels. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(6): 194–202.
Okoruwa, M. I. and Ikhimioya, I. (2014). Haematological indices and serum biochemical profiles of Dwarf goats fed Elephant grass and varying levels of combined Plantain with Mango peels. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4:6-10
Ososanya, T. O., Adewumi, M. K and Faniyi, T. O. (2014). Influence of water – washed neem fruits (Azardirachtaindica A. juss) on haematology and serum biochemical indices of West African Dwarf ewes. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 4(2): 225-232.
Prvulovic, D., Kosarcic, S., Popovic, M., Dimitrigevic, D. and Grubor-Lajsic, G. (1983). The influence of Hydrated aluminosilicate on biochemical and haematological blood parameters, growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances.11 (1):134–140.
SAS®. (2002). User’s guide: Statistics, Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, NC, USA.
Schalms, O. W., Jane, N. C. and Carol, E. J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology. 3rd edition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.15-18 pp.
Sharifi, M. R., Shams-Sharg, M., Dastar, B. and Hassini, S. (2011). The effect of dietary protein levels on blood characteristics and carcass yields of Japanese quail (Cortunixcortunix Japonica). Italian Journal of Anim. Sci. Available at: 10:e4doi:10.4081/ijas.2011.e4
Swanson, K. S., Kuzmuk, K. N., Schook, L. B. and Fahey, G. C. 2004. Diet Affects Nutrient Digestibility, Hematology, and Serum Chemistry of Senior and Weanling Dogs. Journal of Animal Science, 82:1713-1724.
Swenson, M. J. (1970). Physiological properties, cellular and chemical constituents of blood. Dukes Physiology of Domestic Animal. ed. Cornstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, London, 75-83.
Trinders, P. (1969). Analytical Clinical Biochemistry.Lexi – Comp. Ltd, Hudson. 6: 24-28. University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. 2012. Forage: Hay Quality. Hampshire: UNH Cooperative Extension
Waziri, M. A., Ribadu, A. Y., Sivachelvan, N. (2010). Changes in the serum proteins, hematological and some serum biochemical profiles in the gestation period in the sahel goats. Veterinarski Ahrhiv, 80: 215-224.
Wilkins, R. J. (2000). Forages and their role in animal systems. In: Givens, D. I., Owen, E., Oxford, R. F. E., Omed, H. M. (Eds.), Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 1–14
Published
2024-11-23
How to Cite
Akinlolu, A. O., Dele, P. A., Arigbede, O. M., Adeyemi, A. M., Oni, A. O., Ogunsakin, A. O., Ojo, V. O. A, & Madu, H.K. (2024). Effects of Enterolobium cyclocarpum Seed Meal Inclusion in Total Mixed Rations Mash on Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of West African Dwarf Goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 7(2), 22 - 32. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/336
Section
Articles
