Weaning weight in pigs and its heritability using dam within sire nested / hierarchical method
Keywords:
Heritability, Weaning weight, Selection, Pigs, Sib analysis
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating some factors affecting weaning weight and estimating its heritability using the nested hierarchical model from variance components obtained in an analysis of variance. A total of 43 weaners comprising 25 male and 18 female from two sires and seven dams were evaluated for the influence of sex, sire, dam, litter size and parities on their weaning weight. The Minitab® statistical software was used for exploratory evaluation and analyses of variance of the effect of factors investigated on weaning weight. With the exception of sex of piglet which was not significant (P>0.05) on weaning weight, other factors exerted varying degrees of influence (P<0.05) on the weight of pigs at weaning. The largest source of variation was from dam (64.14 %), while other factors studied accounted as follows; litter size (61.10 %), parity (18.79 %) and sire (15.73 %). Heritability estimates for weaning weight in the study by sire, dam and sire + dam were respectively 0.86, 0.70 and 0.78. The study revealed that weaning weight was highly heritable in pigs and thus selection can be made for its genetic improvement.
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References
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Ogunniyi L. T., and Omoteso O. A. (2011): Economic analysis of swine production in Nigeria: A case study of Ibadan zone of Oyo State. Journal of Human Ecology 35:137–142.
Schinckel, A.P., Cabrera, R., Boyd, R.D., Jungst, S., Booher, C., Johnston, M., Preckel, P.V. and Einstein, M.E. (2007). Modeling the impact of birth and twenty-day body weight on the postweaning growth of pigs. Professional Animal Science 23:211–223.
Škorjanc, D., Brus, M., and Potokar, M.Č. (2007). Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets. Archives of Animal Breeding 50:476-486.
Subrat, K. (2000). Estimation of Heritability. Agricultural Statistics. https://goo.gl/1GMv39
Wellenbeck, A., Eliasson, C., Lundeheim, N., Nilsson, K. (2020). Leg health, growth and carcass characteristics in growing and finishing pigs of two different genotypes reared on Swedish organic farms. Organic Agriculture 10(1):97-103.
Widmar, D.A., Olynk, N.J., Richert, B.T., Schinckel, A.P. and Foster, K.A. (2011). In Integrated on-farm decision making: economic implications of increased variation in litter size. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Meeting, Corpus Christi, TX, USA, 5–8 February 2011. Southern Agricultural Economics Association, USA.
Wray, N. and Visscher, P. (2008). Estimating trait heritability. Nature Education 1(1):29. Archived from the original on 2nd August 2015. Retrieved 24th July 2015.
Vermeulen, L., Van Beirendonck, S., Bulens, A., Thielen, J. and Driessen, B. (2016). Sire line of pigs affects weaning weight, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of offspring. Journal of Animal Science 94 (10): 4360–4368
Zindove, T.J., Mutibvu, T., Shoniwa, A.C. and Takaendesa E.L. (2021). Relationships between litter size, sex ratio and within-litter birth weight variation in a sow herd and consequences on weaning performance. Translational Animal Science 5(3): https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab132
Zindove, T.J., Dzomba, E. F. and Chimonyo, M. (2013). Effects of within-litter birth weight variation on performance at three weeks of age and at weaning in a Large White × Landrace sow herd. Livestock Science. 155:348–354. doi:10.1016/j. livsci.2013.04.013
Zira S., Rydhmer, L., Ivarsson, E., Hoffmann, R., and Roos, E. (2021). A life cycle sustainability assessment of organic and conventional pork supply chains in Sweden. Production and Consumption. 28:21-38.
Baxter, E. M., Jarvis, S., Palarea-Albaladejo, J. and Edwards, S.A. (2021). The weaker sex? The propensity for male-biased piglet mortality. Plos One 7:e30318. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030318.
Baxter, E., K. Rutherford, R. D’Eath, G. Arnott, S. Turner P. Sandoe, V. Moustsen, F. Thorup, S. E., and Lawrence, A. (2013). The welfare implications of large litter size in the domestic pig 1: management factors. Animal Welfare 22: 219-283.
Becker, A.W. (1975). Manual of Quantitative Genetics. Washington State University Press. Pullman, Washington, U.S.A. Pg. 41-45.
Brunberg E. I., Rodenburg T. B, Rydhmer, L., Kjaer, J. B., and Keeling L. J. (2016). Ominivores going astray. A review and new synthesis of abnormal behaviour in pigs and laying hens. Frontier in Veterinary Science, 3:57-.
Chimonyo, M. and Dzama, K. (2007) Estimation of genetic parameters for growth performance and carcass traits in Mukota pigs. Animal 1:317–323. doi: 10.1017/S1751731107661849
Collins, C. L., Pluske, J. R., Morrison, R. S., McDonald, T. N., Smits, R. J., Henman, D. J., and Dunshea, F. R. (2017). Post-weaning and whole of life performance of pigs is determined by live weight at weaning and the complexity of the diet fed after weaning. Animal Nutrition 3 (4):372-379.
Dufrasne, M., Waureille, J. Peidboeuf, M. and Gengler, N. (2014). Genetic parameters for individual birth weight, weaning weight and final weight of crossbreed pigs from Pretrain boars. In Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock production 18-22.
Ehiobu, N.G. and Kyado, J. A. (2000) Performance characteristics of sow of Large White Hampshire and their crosses. In Book of proceedings of the 25th Annual NSAP conference, 19-23 March Umuahia Pp. 260-261.
Ezeibe A. B. C. (2010): Profitability analysis of pig production under intensive management system in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment 1:48–54.
Falconer, D.S. and Mackay, T.F.C. (1989). Introduction to quantitative genetics ELBS. Longman Scientific and Technical, London. Pp 448.
Fix, J. S., J. P. Cassady, J. W. Holl, W. O. Herring, M. S. Culbertson, and See, M. T. (2010). Effect of piglet birth weight on survival and quality of commercial market swine. Livestock Science. 132:98-106.
Hardge, T., Koepke, K., Reissmann, M., and Wimmers, K. (1999). Maternal influences on litter size and growth in reciprocal crossed Miniature Pigs and Durocs. Archiv für Tierzucht. 42:10.5194/aab-42-83-1999.
Igwe K., Ifekaonwu A., Amao S., and Igwe C. (2013): Determinants of output among pig farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 3(17):121–126.
Jiao, S., Maltecca, C., Gray, K. A., and Cassady, J. P. (2014). Feed intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and real-time ultrasound traits in Duroc pigs: I. Genetic parameter estimation and accuracy of genomic prediction. Journal of Animal Science, 92(6):2377-2386.
Kaufmann, D.A., Hofer, A., Bidanel, J.P. and Künzi, N. (2008). Genetic parameters for individual birth and weaning weight and for litter size of Large White pigs. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. 117:121 – 128.
Kemp, F., Kerouanton, A. Bougeard, S., Nagard, B., Rose, V., Mourand, G., Osterberg, J., Denis, M. and Bengtsson, B.O. (2017). Campylobacter coli in organic and conventional pig production in France and Sweden: prevalence and antimicrobial resistance. Frontier of Microbiology. 8:955-.
Kozlousky, D., Corston, R., Branch, C., Dukas, R., and Pravosodov, V. (2015). The importance of heritability estimates for understanding the evolution of cognition. Behavioral Ecology. 26:1463-1464. https://goo.gl/wfWyZG
López-Vergé S, Solà-Oriol D, and Gasa J. (2015). Journal of Animal Science 93, Suppl. s3/Journal of Dairy Science 98:184-189.
Miar, L., Plastow, G., Bruce, H., Moore, S., Manafiazar, G., Kemp, R., Charagu, P., Huisman, A., Van B., Haandel, C. Zhang, R. Mckay, and Wang, Z. (2014). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between performance traits with meat quality and carcass characteristics in commercial crossbreed pigs. PloS one, 9(10): 110105.
Minitab 17 Statistical Software (2010). [Computer software]. State College, PA: Minitab, Inc. (www.minitab.com)
Muns, R., E. G. Manzanilla, C. Sol, X. Manteca, and J. Gasa. (2013). Piglet behaviour as a measure of vitality and its influence on piglet survival and growth during lactation. Journal of Animal Science 91(4):1838-1843.
Noguera, J.L., Ibáñez-Escriche, N., Casellas, J., Rosas, J.P. and Varona, L. (2019). Genetic parameters and direct, maternal and heterosis effects on litter size in a diallel cross among three commercial varieties of Iberian pig. Animal 13(12):2765-2772.
Ogunniyi L. T., and Omoteso O. A. (2011): Economic analysis of swine production in Nigeria: A case study of Ibadan zone of Oyo State. Journal of Human Ecology 35:137–142.
Schinckel, A.P., Cabrera, R., Boyd, R.D., Jungst, S., Booher, C., Johnston, M., Preckel, P.V. and Einstein, M.E. (2007). Modeling the impact of birth and twenty-day body weight on the postweaning growth of pigs. Professional Animal Science 23:211–223.
Škorjanc, D., Brus, M., and Potokar, M.Č. (2007). Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets. Archives of Animal Breeding 50:476-486.
Subrat, K. (2000). Estimation of Heritability. Agricultural Statistics. https://goo.gl/1GMv39
Wellenbeck, A., Eliasson, C., Lundeheim, N., Nilsson, K. (2020). Leg health, growth and carcass characteristics in growing and finishing pigs of two different genotypes reared on Swedish organic farms. Organic Agriculture 10(1):97-103.
Widmar, D.A., Olynk, N.J., Richert, B.T., Schinckel, A.P. and Foster, K.A. (2011). In Integrated on-farm decision making: economic implications of increased variation in litter size. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Meeting, Corpus Christi, TX, USA, 5–8 February 2011. Southern Agricultural Economics Association, USA.
Wray, N. and Visscher, P. (2008). Estimating trait heritability. Nature Education 1(1):29. Archived from the original on 2nd August 2015. Retrieved 24th July 2015.
Vermeulen, L., Van Beirendonck, S., Bulens, A., Thielen, J. and Driessen, B. (2016). Sire line of pigs affects weaning weight, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of offspring. Journal of Animal Science 94 (10): 4360–4368
Zindove, T.J., Mutibvu, T., Shoniwa, A.C. and Takaendesa E.L. (2021). Relationships between litter size, sex ratio and within-litter birth weight variation in a sow herd and consequences on weaning performance. Translational Animal Science 5(3): https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab132
Zindove, T.J., Dzomba, E. F. and Chimonyo, M. (2013). Effects of within-litter birth weight variation on performance at three weeks of age and at weaning in a Large White × Landrace sow herd. Livestock Science. 155:348–354. doi:10.1016/j. livsci.2013.04.013
Zira S., Rydhmer, L., Ivarsson, E., Hoffmann, R., and Roos, E. (2021). A life cycle sustainability assessment of organic and conventional pork supply chains in Sweden. Production and Consumption. 28:21-38.
Published
2024-11-22
How to Cite
Abanikannda. O.T.F., Kareem-Ibrahim, K. O., & Raji, F. E. (2024). Weaning weight in pigs and its heritability using dam within sire nested / hierarchical method. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 7(2), 1-9. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/334
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