Blood Profile of Crossbred Heifers Fed Urea Treated Maize Stover Supplemented with Varying Levels of Concentrate
Keywords:
Urea treatment, maize stover, concentrate supplement, blood profile, crossbred heifers
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the blood profile of crossbred heifers fed urea treated maize stover supplemented with varying levels of concentrate. Sixteen (Friesian x Bunaji) crossbred heifers aged 8-10 months and weighing 90-120kg were divided into four equal groups and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments. In the control ration, chopped, untreated maize stover fed ad libitum was supplemented with concentrate mixture at 2.0% body weight (UMS+2%C). For the experimental rations, urea treated maize stover was supplemented with concentrate mixture at 2.0, 1.5 and 1.0% body weight in groups TMS+2%C, TMS+1.5%C and TMS+1%C respectively. Total protein was not significantly different (P>0.05) between the treatments. Glucose concentration was similar between heifers on treatments UMS+2%C, TMS+1.5%C and TMS+1%C, and the values were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those on TMS+2%C treatment. Creatinine concentration was similar between heifers fed TMS+1.5%C and TMS+1%C, and the values were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on UMS+2%C and TMS+2%C treatments. Urea concentration was similar between UMS+2%C and TMS+2%C treatments, and the values were significantly (P<0.05) lower than TMS+1.5%C and TMS+1%C treatments. The results showed that feeding of urea treated maize stover with varying levels of concentrate supplements had no adverse effects on crossbred heifers.
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References
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Singh, S.P. and Gupta, B.N. (1986). Effect of feeding ammoniated straw impregnated with urea digestibility and volatile fatty acid production rates in buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 56:1210-1214
Singh, B. B., Ajeigbe, H. A., Tarawali, S. A., Fernandez-Rivera, S. and Abubaka, M. (2003). Improving the production and utilization of cowpea as food and fodder. Field Crops Research, 84:169-177.
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Subhash, M., Verma, A. K., Gupta, M. K., Sharma, S. D., Sharmar, A.K., and Rahal, A. (2013). Haemological profile and blood chemistry in diarrhoeic calves affected with collibacillosis. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 1(1): 10-14.
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Wang, W., Zhou, T., Jia, Y., Risu, N., Cai, Y. and Gentu, G. (2017). Intake, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility of Aerbasi Cashmere goats fed corn stover, caragana and their mixture on the Mongolian plateau. Research Square. 1:1–18.
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Aiello, S.E. (2000). The Merck Veterinary Manual.8th Edition. Merck & Co.,Inc, White House, N.J., U.S.A.
Ashiru, R. M., Ehoche, O. W., Akpa, G. N., Muhammad, I. R., Tanko, R. J., and Abdu, I. M. (2009). Heamatological and biochemical parameters of Friesian x Bunaji Heifers fed cowpea or groundnut haulms as supplement in sub humid zone of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 17(2):229-234.
Ayoade, J. A., Wuanor, A. A. and Ochepo, G. O. (2015). Performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of grazing bunaji bulls supplemented varying levels of agro industrial by product based diet. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 8(8):95-100.
Bakshi, M. P. S., Gupta, V. K., and Langar, P. N. (1987). Effect of moisture level on the chemical composition and nutritive value of fermented straw. Biological wastes, 21: 283-289
Banerjee, G. C. (2004). A text book of Animal Husbandry. 8th Edition, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT, LTD, New Delhi. p.1079.
Brar, R. S., Sandhu, H. S. and Singh, A. (2011). Veterinary clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods. Published by Kalyani Publishers, NEW DELHI, INDIA
Chauhan, R. S. (2003). Veterinary laboratory diagnosis. Published by International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow (U.P.) INDIA
Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and Multiple F-tests. Biometric, 11: 1-42.
Ehoche, O. W., Alhassan, W. S. and Umoh, J. E. (1990). Hematological parameters, plasma urea nitrogen and serum thyroxine levels following feed restriction and realimatation in Zebu Bulls. Bulletin Animal Health Production Africa, 38: 213-217.
Ehoche, O.W. (2002). Feeding strategies for improving milk production. In: Fanimo, A. O. and Olanite, J. A. (Editors). Contributory role of animal production in national development. Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria held in Abeokuta, Nigeria. 16 – 19 September, 2002.
Elobied, G. H. and Ali, J. A. (2013). Optimum concentrate supplement to sorghum straw to reduce live weight loss in calves during summer season in Sudan. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(9):016-021I
FAO. (2020). Global information and early warning system. Country Analysis Report. http://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=JOR&lang=ar.
Finangwai, H. ., Ehoche, O. W., Akpa, G.N. and Barje, P.P. (2013). Effect of urea treated maize stover based complete diets on the biochemical changes in the rumen and blood parameters of crossbred Bulls. Journal of Animal Production and Research, 25: 87–96.
Google Maps (2022). Meet the new Google Maps: A map for every person and place. Retrieved 11th march, 2022 from http://www.trustedreviews.com
Hao, X.Y., Zhang, M. Z., Zhang, X. Z., Mu, C.T., Zhang, C.X., Zhao, J.X., Zhang, J.X. (2021). Effects of feeding corn bran and soybean hulls on nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and growth performance of finishing lambs. Animal. 15(3):100172.
Ikhimioya, I. and Imasuen , J. A. (2007). Blood profile of West African Dwarf Goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with Afzelia africana and Newbouldia laevis. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6 (1): 79-84.
Li, X., Lu, J., Zhao, J. and Qu, J. (2014). Characteristics of corn stover pretreated with liquid hot water and fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for bioethanol production. PLoS ONE, 9 (4): 95455
MAFF (1984). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Manual of Veterinary Investigation Techniques. 3rd Edition. In : Davies ET, Benson JA, Bicknel SR, Grey DE, Hewitt SG, Lloyd Morrison JRS, Ostler DC, Pepin GA, Purvis CM (Eds). MAFF/ADASS, 2:390.
Merck Manual (2023). Haematologic reference ranges. Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved April 05, 2023 from http://www.merckmanuals.com/hematologic_reference_ranges.html
RAR (Research Animal Resource). (2009). Reference values for laboratory animals: Normal haematological values. RAR Websites, RAR, University of Minnesota. Retrieved March 14, 2022 from http://www.ahc.umn.edu/rar/refvalues.html.
Sembulingam, K. and Sembulingam, P. (2002). Essentials of Medical Physiology (2nd Edition). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi. p. 840.
Shi, F.H., Fang, L., Meng, Q.X., Wu, H., Du, J.P., Xie, X.X., Ren, L. P., Zhou, Z. M. and Zhou, B. (2014). Effects of partial or total replacement of maize with alternative feed source on digestibility, growth performance, blood metabolites and economics in Limousin crossbred cattle. Asian Australas Journal of Animal Science, 27(10):1443–1451.
Shittu H. A., Oloche, J. and Ayoade J. A. (2020). Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of Bunaji Bulls Grazing Natural Pasture Supplemented with Diets Containing Graded Levels of Sweet Orange Peels. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 3 (2):100 – 109
Singh, S.P. and Gupta, B.N. (1986). Effect of feeding ammoniated straw impregnated with urea digestibility and volatile fatty acid production rates in buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 56:1210-1214
Singh, B. B., Ajeigbe, H. A., Tarawali, S. A., Fernandez-Rivera, S. and Abubaka, M. (2003). Improving the production and utilization of cowpea as food and fodder. Field Crops Research, 84:169-177.
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. (1989). Statistical Methods (Eighth Edition), Iowa State University Press.
Subhash, M., Verma, A. K., Gupta, M. K., Sharma, S. D., Sharmar, A.K., and Rahal, A. (2013). Haemological profile and blood chemistry in diarrhoeic calves affected with collibacillosis. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 1(1): 10-14.
Susa, E.A. (1998). The Merck Veterinary Manual. (8th Edition) Published by Merck and Co.,INC White House Station. NJ. USA.
Wang, W., Zhou, T., Jia, Y., Risu, N., Cai, Y. and Gentu, G. (2017). Intake, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility of Aerbasi Cashmere goats fed corn stover, caragana and their mixture on the Mongolian plateau. Research Square. 1:1–18.
Wei, Z., Zhang, B. and Liu, J. (2018). Effects of the dietary non fiber carbohydrate content on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization in mid-lactation dairy cows receiving corn stover. Journal of Animal Science Biotechnology, 9:20–27.
Published
2023-11-13
How to Cite
Iriso, B. V., Ehoche, O. W., & Tanko, R. J. (2023). Blood Profile of Crossbred Heifers Fed Urea Treated Maize Stover Supplemented with Varying Levels of Concentrate. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 6(3), 108 - 115. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/283
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