Performance of Red Sokoto Bucks Fed Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) with Iron Tree (Prosopis africana) Pods as Supplement in Taraba State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Panicum maximum, Iron tree, Red Sokoto bucks, Digestibility, Blood profile
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Iron tree (Prosopis africana) pods supplementation on the performance of Red Sokoto bucks fed Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) as basal diet for 105 days. Five diets were formulated thus: T1 (sole grass), T2 (600g grass +300g prosopis pods), T3(600g grass +350g prosopis pods), T4 (600g grass +400g prosopis pods), T5(600g grass +450g prosopis pods). Twenty (20) red sokoto bucks were assigned to the five treatment diets and replicated four times in a completely randomized design (CRD). The Red Sokoto bucks aged between 6 and 8 months with average weight ranging from 7.28 -10.12kg. Prosopis had values of 96.5, 19 and 29 for dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre, respectively while Guinea grass had corresponding values of 98.0, 19.5 and 7.5%. Growth performance showed that average daily feed intake was significantly different (P<0.05) across the treatment groups. Highest daily feed intake of 0.53kg/buck was obtained in T1 with 0% prosopis, while bucks fed 450g prosopis had least (0.48kg/buck). Total feed intake followed the same trend with the highest value (45.30kg) in T1 and least in T5(40.51kg). Average daily weight gain was significantly different (P<0.05) across the treatment groups with the highest value of 0.07kg obtained among bucks fed 400g and 450g prosopis pods in T4 and T5. Final weight and total body weight followed same trend. Nutrient intake increased with supplementation level as obtained with dry matter (210.67-260.18g/day), crude protein (4.67-6.93g/day) and crude fibre (52.90-87.36g/day) in T5. Acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre reduced with level of supplementation (1.08-1.89 and 1.05 -1.78g). Significant difference (P<0.05) occurred with digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and ash, while none(P>0.05) was observed with dry matter and nitrogen free extract. All haematological and biochemical indices examined were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the treatment. The feed cost was constant (N65.45kg) cross the treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that up to 450g of prosopis pod can be included in the diets of bucks without adverse effect on the parameters evaluated.
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References
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Kellems, R. O. and Church, D. C. (2002). Livestock feeds and feeding. 5th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 654 pp.
Lamidi, A. A. (2009), Utilization of Panicum maximum (Jacq), GliricidiaSepium (Jacq) and Gmelina abore (Roxb) Supplemented as dry season feed for West African Goats (Ph.D Thesis, Department of Animal Production and Health University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State).
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Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I. T., Al-Busaidi, M. H., Annamalai, K., Al-Sagri, N. M. (2007). Effects of feeding ensiled palm fronds and a by- product concentrate on performance and meat quality of Omani sheep. Animal Feed Science Technology. 135(3):210-221.
Makkar, H. P. S. (2005). Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. In: Assessing Quality and Safety of Animal Feeds. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 160 FAO, Rome.pp55-88.
Matsuura, M. (2001). Saponin in garlic as modifiers of the risk of cardiovascular disease. J. Nut., 131: 1000-1005.
Morangoni, A. and Ali, I.(I988). Composition and properties of seeds and pods of the tree legume Prosopis juliflora (DC). Journal of SCI. Food Agric. 44(2):99_110.
Obeidat, B. S., Abdullah, A. Y. and Al-Lataifeh, F. A. (2008). The effect of partial replacement of barley grains by Prosopis juliflorapods on growth performance, nutrient intake, digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Awassilambs fed finishing diets. Animal Feed Science Technology., 146:42–54.
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Tolera,A. and Frik, S. (2000). Supplementation of graded levele of Desmodiumintortum hay to sheep feeding on maize stover harvested at three stages of maturity. Rumen fermentation and nitrogen metabolism. Animal Feed Science and Technology 87:215-229.
Waziri, P.R. and Agbugba, I.K. (2010).Socio-economic Analysis of Small Scale Broiler enterprise Production in Anambra State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 24thAnnual Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria (FAMAN) held at Adamawa State University (ADSU) Mubi, Nigeria. 11th -14th October, 2010. Pp 47-50
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Zubcic, D. (2002). Some parameters in the blood grazing German improved farm goats from Istria, Croatia. Archiv, 71: 237-244.
Zubcic, D. (2012). Reference values Haematology and Biochemical parameters in Saanen Goatsin Afyonikarahisar province. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 5(1):517117-517121
Abdullah, A. Y. Obeidat, B. S., Muwalla, M. M. ,Matarneh, S. K. and Abu Ishmais, M. A. (2011). Growth performance, carcass and meat characteristic of Black kids fed sesame hulls and Prosopis juliflora pods. Asian-Australia Journal of Animal Science, 24:1217-1226.
Abdullahi, A., Oyawoye, E.O and U.D. Doma (2008). Performance of Broiler chicken fed Sorghum mill wastes incorporated diets. Nigerian Poultry Science Journal 5 (3):108-112.
Abule, E., Snyman, H.A., Smit, G.N., (2005). Comparison of pastoralist perception about rangeland Resource utilization in the Middle East valley of Nigeria. Journal of environment management 75, 21-35.
Adegbola, T.A., (1991). Effects of protein levels on growth and feed utilization of rabbits in Humid Tropical Environment. Journal of Agricultural Science Technology 1, (2): 158- 160.
Adesihinwa, A.O.K., Okunola, J.O. and Adewunmi, M. K. (2004)). Socio-economic Characteristics of Ruminant Livestock Farmers and their Production constraints in some Parts of Southern Western Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development 16(8):23-26.
Aduku, A. O. and Olukosi, J. O., (1990). Rabbit Management in the Tropics: Processing, Utilization, Marketing, Economics, Practical Training Research and Future Prospects. Living Book Series GU Publications. Abuja, FCT. 1-105.
Ahmad, N., Yasmeen, R., Rehman, A., Saleem, M., Rehman, A., Ullah, H. (2012). Effect of grewia opposititifolia leaves and conventional oil cakes as supplement on cell wall intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in sheep. Sarh Journal of Agriculture 28(1):69-74
Ajayi, F.T., Babayemi, O.J.,Taiwo, A.A. (2009). Mineral solubility of Panicum maximum with four herbaceous forage legume mixtures incubated in the rumen of N’Dama steers. Animal Science Journal 80(3):250-257.
Andrade-Montemayor, H. M., Alegria-Rios, F. S., Pacheco-Lopez, M., Aguilar- Borjas, J. H., Villegas-Diaz, J. L. O. and Basurto-Gutierrez, R. (2009). Effect of dry roasting on composition, digestibility and degradability of fiber fractions of mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata) as feed supplement in goats. Trop. Sub-trop. Agro-ecosyst., 11: 237-243.
Aganga, A. A. and Tshwoenyane, S.O. (2003), Lucrene: Lablab and Leu-CaenaLeucocephalia: Production and Utilization for livestock production. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2(2): 16-53.
Ajayi, F. T., Babayemi,O. J. and Taiwo, A. A. (2009). Mineral solubility of panicum maximum with four herbaceous forage legume mixtures incubated in the rumen of Ndama steers. Animal Science Journal, 80(3):250-257
Anugwa, F. O.I., Okorie, A. U., Esonu, A.F. N., (1982). Feed utilization, and growth of rabbits fed three levels of orotein and energy. Nigeria Journal of Nutrition Science 3(2): 109-115
Ansarinik, H., Saberi, M., Jahantigh, M. and Ebrahimzadeh, A. (2013). The evaluation of chemical composition and dry matter degradability of Prosopis farcta fruit using in situ nylon bag technique. International Journal of Agriculture Crop Science 5(9): 972-975. Available online at www.ijagcs.com.
AOAC, (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 13th edition, AOAC, International, Maryland, USA.
Babayemi, O.J. and Bamikole. M.A. (2009). Silage quality, dry matter intake and digestibility by West African dwarf sheep of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv Ntchis) harvested at 4- and 12-week regrowth. African Journal of Biotechnology., 8 (16): 3983-3988.
Behnke, R. and Mctaferia, F. (2011). The Contribution of Livestock to the Ethiopian econmy-Partll. IGAD Livestock Initiative. IGAD LPI Working Paper No. 02-11. Djbouti: IGAD-Available from http//www.igad-lpi.org/publication
Bonnet, B., Guibert, B. and Benard, C. M. (2011). Department for farm Animal Products in Nigeria: An Opportunity for Sahel Countries. International Research for Rural Development. (http://www.inter-reaux.org) 12/4/2014
Chowdhury, S. A.,Huque, K. S., Khatun, M., Quamrun Nahar (1995). Study on the use of algae as a substitute for oil cake for growing calves. Livestock Research for Rural Development 6(3):46-51
Food and Agriculture Organization FAO (2002). Tropical animal feeding: a manual for research workers FAO Corporate Document Repository. Food and Agricultural Organization FAO (2011). Guidelines for Establishing Feeding Systems for Ruminants. FAO Corporate Document Repository. (http://www.fao.org/docrep/0004/x6554E00.htm) 20/9/2013.
FAO (2003). Http://,fao.Org/ag/aga/agap/frg/DATA/118.HTM. Panicum maximum, guinea grass, colonial grass, Tanganyika grass.
FAO (2013). Methodology for the evaluation of feed Resources for Ruminants. FAO Corporate Document Repository. (http:// www.fao.org/docrep/0004/x655E00.htm) 20/10/2013.
Gohl, B. (1981). Tropical feed. FAO, Animal production and Health Series. No12. FAO, Rome, 52p.
Harper, D.A. T. (1999). Numerical palaeobiology, Computer-based modeling and Analysis of Fossils and their distribution. X+468Pp
Kellems, R. O. and Church, D. C. (2002). Livestock feeds and feeding. 5th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 654 pp.
Lamidi, A. A. (2009), Utilization of Panicum maximum (Jacq), GliricidiaSepium (Jacq) and Gmelina abore (Roxb) Supplemented as dry season feed for West African Goats (Ph.D Thesis, Department of Animal Production and Health University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State).
Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I. T., Al-Ajmi, D. S., Al-Saqry, N. M., Al-Abri, A. S., Ritchie, A. R., Annamalai, K. and Forberg, N. E. (2004). The effects of replacing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay in Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria) pods on the performance of Omani native sheep. Tropical Animal Health Production. 36: 281-294.
Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I. T., Johnson, H. E., Srikandakumar, A., Al-Saqui, N. M., Al-Abri, A. S. and Ritchie, A. (2005a). The use of a concentrate containing Meskit (Prosopis juliflora) pods and date palm by-products to replace commercial concentrate in diets of Omani sheep. Animal Feed Science Technology., 120: 33-41.
Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I. T., Al-Busaidi, M. H., Annamalai, K., Al-Sagri, N. M. (2007). Effects of feeding ensiled palm fronds and a by- product concentrate on performance and meat quality of Omani sheep. Animal Feed Science Technology. 135(3):210-221.
Makkar, H. P. S. (2005). Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. In: Assessing Quality and Safety of Animal Feeds. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 160 FAO, Rome.pp55-88.
Matsuura, M. (2001). Saponin in garlic as modifiers of the risk of cardiovascular disease. J. Nut., 131: 1000-1005.
Morangoni, A. and Ali, I.(I988). Composition and properties of seeds and pods of the tree legume Prosopis juliflora (DC). Journal of SCI. Food Agric. 44(2):99_110.
Obeidat, B. S., Abdullah, A. Y. and Al-Lataifeh, F. A. (2008). The effect of partial replacement of barley grains by Prosopis juliflorapods on growth performance, nutrient intake, digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Awassilambs fed finishing diets. Animal Feed Science Technology., 146:42–54.
Osagie, C. (2014). Nigeria, Other Development Countries May face Meat Shortage-This Day Live. (http://www.thisdatlive.com) 12/4/2014.
Pamplona-Rogers, G. D. (2004). Encyclopedia of Medicinal plants Pamplona-Rogers (Ed) Editorial Safeliz Spain. pp 15-443.
Pasiecznik, N. M., Harris, P. J. C. and Smith, S. J. (2004). Identifying Tropical Prosopis Species: A Field Guide. Henry Doubleday Research Association (HDRA), Coventry.
Schoeminon, S. (2003). An Introduction to Feeding Small Ruminants. Western Maryland Cooperative Extension. P.211-212.
Sebsibe, A. (2006).Meat quality of selected Ethiopian goat genotypes under varying nutritional conditions, Pretoria , South Africa pp.44- 63.
Shaker, Y. M. I., Ibrahim, N. H. 1., Younis, F. E. 1 and El Shaer, H. M. (2014). Effect of feeding some salt tolerant fodder shrubs mixture on physiological performance of Shami goats in Southern Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Animal Science., 10 (2s):66-77.
Silanikove, N., Gilboa, N., Nir, I., Perevolotsky, A. and Nitsan, Z. (1996).Effect of daily supplementation of polyethylene glycol on intake and digestion of tannin-containing leaves (Quercus calliprinos, Pistacialentiscus, and Ceratonia siliqua) by goats. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry., 44: 199-205.
Smith, O. B., Idowu, O. A., Asaolu, V. O., Odunami, O. (1991). Comparative rumen digestibility of forages, browse, crop reisdues and Agricultural by-products. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 3(2);59 - 66.
Sirios, M. (1995). Mosby”s Fundamentals of Veterinary Techniques. Veterinary Clinical Laboratory Producer.
Steel, R.G.D. and Torries, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach, London: Mcgraw-hill Book Company. Pp. 195-233.
Tabosa, I. M., Souza, J. C., Graca, D. L., Barbosa-Filho, J. M., Almeida, R. N. and RieCorrea, F. (2000). Neuronal vacuolation of the trigeminal nuclei in goats caused by ingestion of Prosopis juliflora pods. Vet. Human Toxicology., 42: 155-158.
Talpada, P. M., Pandya, P.R., Patel, G.R. and desai, M. (2002). Utilization of complete feed using Prosopis juliflora pods as a ration of growing crossbred calves. Indian J. Amin. nutr. 19(1):1-6.
Taraba State Diary (2008). Taraba State Diary
Tibbo M, Jibril Y, Woldemeskel M, Dawo F, Rege J (2004). Factors affecting haematological profiles in three Ethiopian indigenous goat breeds. International Journal of Applied Research Veterinary Medicine 2 (4):223-245.
Tolera,A. and Frik, S. (2000). Supplementation of graded levele of Desmodiumintortum hay to sheep feeding on maize stover harvested at three stages of maturity. Rumen fermentation and nitrogen metabolism. Animal Feed Science and Technology 87:215-229.
Waziri, P.R. and Agbugba, I.K. (2010).Socio-economic Analysis of Small Scale Broiler enterprise Production in Anambra State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 24thAnnual Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria (FAMAN) held at Adamawa State University (ADSU) Mubi, Nigeria. 11th -14th October, 2010. Pp 47-50
Zambeef, C.T. (2013). Zambeef the City Trader. (http://www.thecitytrader.wordpress.com) 12/4/2014.
Zubcic, D. (2002). Some parameters in the blood grazing German improved farm goats from Istria, Croatia. Archiv, 71: 237-244.
Zubcic, D. (2012). Reference values Haematology and Biochemical parameters in Saanen Goatsin Afyonikarahisar province. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 5(1):517117-517121
Published
2023-11-11
How to Cite
Mbahi, T. F., Jude, U., Vincent, A., & Ardo, A. (2023). Performance of Red Sokoto Bucks Fed Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) with Iron Tree (Prosopis africana) Pods as Supplement in Taraba State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 6(3), 37 - 50. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/275
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