Influence of Monodora myristica and Xylopia aethiopica Seed as Feed Additives on the Performance of New Zealand Weaned Rabbits
Keywords:
Performance, weaned Rabbits, Xylopia aethiopica (selim pepper), Monodora myristica (African nutmeg)
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of thirty-two (32) weaned rabbits fed diets containing Xylopia aethiopica (selim pepper) seed meal (XSM) and Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) seed meal (MSM). Four experimental diets (T1, T2, T3 and T4) were formulated such that Treatment 1 being the control group received diet containing neither MSM nor XSM. Treatment 2 and 3 received diets containing 1% each of XSM and MSM while treatment 4 received mixture of both XSM and MSM at 0.5% each. The treatments were replicated four times with two rabbits per replicate and a total of eight rabbits (4 males and 4 females) per treatment in a randomized complete block design. The trial lasted for 12 weeks. Result showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in final weights and total weight gain of the rabbits across the treatments. Significant (P<0.05) increase in feed intake was obtained in T3. However, feed conversion ratio was similar in the four treatments. Sex effect indicated no significant difference (P>0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion ratio. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for feed intake with male rabbits on diet 2 recording the least value. No mortality was recorded in the course of the experiment. It is therefore recommended that 1% of Monodora myristica can be used as additive in rabbit diet to improve feed intake and weight gain or its combination with Xylopia aethiopica to maintain weight gain especially for the rabbit bucks.
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References
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Ogbuewu, I. P., Okoro, V. M., Mbajiorgu, E. F. and Mbajiorgu, C. A. (2019). Beneficial effects of garlic in livestock and poultry nutrition – A review. Agricultural Research, 8: 411- 426.
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Ozcan, M. (2004). Mineral contents of some plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 84:437–440
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Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill Publications. New York.
Harborne, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical methods, London. Chapman and Hall, Limited. Pp. 49-188.
Tumova, E., Chodova, D., Hartlova, H., Fucikova, A. and Ketta, M. (2019). Effect of feeding regime on the performance and blood parameters of male and female broiler chickens. South African Journal of Animal Science 49(2):1-9
Udofia, U. S. and Alozie, Y. E. (2015). Nutrients and phytochemical composition of spices in relation to health (“Uyayak” (Tetrapleura tetraptera), “Odusa” (Piper guineense), “Inwun” (Monodora myristica) and “Ata” (Xylopia aethiopica). Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 11(2):211 – 214
Ukoha O. A. (2011). Effect of African Nutmeg (Monodora myristica) Spice as a Feed Additive on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Ph.D Dissertation. Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
Ukoha, O. A. (2016). Effect of African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in aflatoxin-infected diets on growth performance of broilers. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 4(4), 10-15.
Wenk, C. (2002). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for pigs and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86:140-148
Woode, E., Chrissie, S., Abaidoo and Abass, A. (2011). An evaluation of the effect of ethanolic fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica on haematological and biochemical parameters in male rats. Der Pharmacia Sinica., 2 (2): 39-45.
Agu, E. C., Okeudo, N. J., Aladi, N. O. and Okoro, V. M. O. (2017). Effect of dietary inclusion of ginger meal on performance, serum cholesterol profile and carcass quality of broilers. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44(1): 254-266
Amaefule, K.U., Iheukwumere, F.C. and Nwaokoro, C.C. (2005). A note on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed graded dietary levels of boiled pigeon pea seed (Cajanus cajan). Livestock Research Journal for Rural Development. 17(5):122-129
Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (A.O.A.C), (1990). Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Ed. Washington, DC, USA.
Bello, K. O., Kareem, S.O., and Jimoh, B. Z. (2015). Sex and frequency of litter change: effect on growth performance, carcass yield and haematology of rabbits raised on deep litter system. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. 39(2):18-26
Borquaye, L. S., Darko, G., Laryea, K. M., Gasu, N. E. Afia, N., Amponsah, A. and Appiah, N. E. (2017). Nutritional and anti-nutrient profiles of some Ghanaian spices. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 3(1): 23-32
Chike, C. P. R. and Adienbo, O. M. (2011). The effect of aqueous extract of Xylopia aethiopica on the some biochemical profile of male guinea pigs. African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology 12 (1): 72 – 75.
Coleman, F. N., Ohene-Adjei, S. and Barnes, A. (2017). Evaluation of selected local spices on sensory characteristics of fresh pork sausage. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. 7(1): 5-10.
Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
Egbewande, O.O., Ibrahim, H.G., Idris, Y. and Kabiru, S. (2021). Effect of garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and their combination on the performance of broiler birds. Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP) 46th Annual conference – Dutsin-ma 2021 Book of Proceedings pp74 -77
Egbo, M.L., Doma, U.D. and Lackaks, A.B. (2001). Characteristics of small scale rabbit production and management in Bauchi metropolis. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), 18th – 21st March. Pp 160 - 162
Eze, K. N. (2012). Antifertility effects of ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica on Male Reproductive Organ of Wistar Rats. American Journal of Medical Science, 2(1): 12-15
Guerrero, J., Martınez, J. and Isasa, M. (1998). Mineral nutrient composition of edible wild plants. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 11:322–328 https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1998.0594
Hassan, H. E., Elamin, K. M., Yousif, I. A., Musa, A.M. and Elkhairey, M. A. (2012). Evaluation of body weight and some morphometric traits at various ages in local rabbits of Sudan: Journal of Animal Science Advances. 2(4): 407 - 415.
Hedayati, M., Manafi, M., Yari, M. and Vafaei, P. (2013). Effects of supplementing diets with an acidifier on performance parameters and visceral organ weights of broilers. European Journal of Zoological Research 2, 49–55.
Ingweye, J.N., Kalio, G.A. and Thomas, E.S. (2021). Influence of dietary supplementation of aidan (Tetrapleura tetraptera) and or turmeric (Curcuma longa) on performance and bio- economics of broiler chickens. 46th Annual Conference - Book of Proceedings NSAP 46: 276 – 280
Ituen, E. U .U. and Alonge, A. F. (2011). Aroma properties of selected local spices of Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 1:989-997
Karaskova, K., Suchy, P. and Strakova, E. (2015). Current use of phytogenic feed additives in animal nutrition: a review. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 60(12): 521–530.
Lawrence, S. B., Godfred, D., Michael, K. L., Edward, N. G., Nana, A., Abrafi, A. and Eunice, N. A. (2017). Nutritional and anti-nutrient profiles of some Ghanaian spices. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 3(1): 23-32. https://doi:10.1080/23311932.2017.1348185
Martins, A.P., Salgneiro, L., Goncalves, M. J., Da Cunha, A. P., Vila, R., Canigueral, S., Mazzoni, V., Tomi, F. And Casanova, A. (2001). Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of three Zingiberacea from S-Tome e principe. Journal of Plant Medicine, 67: 580 - 584. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16494
Nuamah, E., Teye, M., Odio, F. N. A. and Teye, P. K. (2019). Growth performance and carcass characteristics of cross-bred rabbits fed diets containing palm kernel oil residue. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 14(33): 1764 - 1771.
Obodo, B. N., Iweka, F. K., Obhakhan, J. O., Oyadonghan, G. P. and Agbo, G. E. (2013). The effect of Xylopia aethiopica leaves on body weight and growth performance of wistar rats. International Journal of Herbs and Pharmacological Research 2(2): 14 – 19.
Ogbuagu, E. O., Nweke, I. N., Unekwe, P. C., Airaodion, A. I. and Ogbuagu, U. (2020). Weight gain reproduction and hypoglycemic effects of Xylopia aethiopica fruit extract on wistar rats. International Journal of Research and Reports in Hematology, 3(2): 60 – 68.
Ogbuewu, I. P., Okoro, V. M., Mbajiorgu, E. F. and Mbajiorgu, C. A. (2019). Beneficial effects of garlic in livestock and poultry nutrition – A review. Agricultural Research, 8: 411- 426.
Okanlawon, E.O., Bello, K.O., Akinola, O. S., Oluwatosin, O. O., Irekhore, O. T. and Ademolue, R.O. (2020). Evaluation of growth, reproductive performance and economic benefits of rabbits fed diets supplemented with turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder. Journal of Egyptian Poultry Science 40(3): 701-714
Ozcan, M. (2004). Mineral contents of some plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 84:437–440
SLUS-AK (1994). Soil and Land Use Studies. Government print office Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Soil Survey staff. Key to soil Taxonomy, Soil Management Support Service (SMSS), Tech monogr. No 19. 306p.
Sofowara, A. (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Limited. Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp. 289
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill Publications. New York.
Harborne, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical methods, London. Chapman and Hall, Limited. Pp. 49-188.
Tumova, E., Chodova, D., Hartlova, H., Fucikova, A. and Ketta, M. (2019). Effect of feeding regime on the performance and blood parameters of male and female broiler chickens. South African Journal of Animal Science 49(2):1-9
Udofia, U. S. and Alozie, Y. E. (2015). Nutrients and phytochemical composition of spices in relation to health (“Uyayak” (Tetrapleura tetraptera), “Odusa” (Piper guineense), “Inwun” (Monodora myristica) and “Ata” (Xylopia aethiopica). Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 11(2):211 – 214
Ukoha O. A. (2011). Effect of African Nutmeg (Monodora myristica) Spice as a Feed Additive on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Ph.D Dissertation. Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
Ukoha, O. A. (2016). Effect of African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in aflatoxin-infected diets on growth performance of broilers. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 4(4), 10-15.
Wenk, C. (2002). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for pigs and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86:140-148
Woode, E., Chrissie, S., Abaidoo and Abass, A. (2011). An evaluation of the effect of ethanolic fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica on haematological and biochemical parameters in male rats. Der Pharmacia Sinica., 2 (2): 39-45.
Published
2022-05-16
How to Cite
Okon, U. M., Ekpo, J. S., Essien, C. A., & Eyoh, G. D. (2022). Influence of Monodora myristica and Xylopia aethiopica Seed as Feed Additives on the Performance of New Zealand Weaned Rabbits. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 5(1), 76 - 83. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/189
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