Nutrients Digestibility and Growth Performance of Yankasa Rams as Influenced by Cowpea and Groundnut Haulms Supplementation to Basal Rice Straw
Keywords:
Ether extract, Body Weight, Roughage, Supplement
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cowpea and groundnut haulms supplementation to basal rice straw in influencing nutrients digestibility and growth performance of Yankasa rams in Kano state, Northwestern Nigeria. A feeding trial was conducted using sixteen (16) Yankasa rams weighing averagely 20.19 ± 2.2 kg for twelve weeks (84 days). Four treatment modalities were formed as follows: Rice straw (Treatment I), Groundnut haulms (Treatment II), Cowpea haulms (Treatment III) and combination of Cowpea and Groundnut haulms supplementations (Treatment IV). The experimental rams were divided into four groups (I-IV) randomly. The experiment was laid down in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four (4) replications. Each group was given one of the four types of feed as treatment. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance and Least Significant Difference used to separate the significant means. The results obtained revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in ether extract and ash digestibility among the treatments with cowpea and groundnut haulms supplemented groups having the highest values. Similarly, significant difference (P≤0.05) was found in growth performance among the treatments in terms of final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, supplement and roughage intakes. With the exception of roughage intake, the cowpea haulms supplemented group was found to have the highest values of 8.88kg. 8.63kg, 6.36 and 388.43 g/day, respectively. The findings from this study implied that, supplementation of basal rice straw with cowpea and groundnut haulms improved the digestibility of nutrients by Yankasa rams making nutrients available for absorption and assimilation with subsequent improvement in growth attributes of the ruminants. Thus, cowpea haulms was recommended as the best supplement in Yankasa rams production.
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References
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Omokanye, A.T., Onifade, O.S., Olorunju, P.E., Adamu, A.M., Tanko, R.J. and Balogun, R.O. (2001). The evaluation of dual-purpose groundnut (Arachis hypogea) varieties for fodder and seed production at Shika, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 136:75-79.
Pervez A. (1992). Response of sheep to different feed additives. M.Sc. Thesis NWFP Agricultural University. Pashawar, Pakistan.
S.A.S (2004). SAS/STAT Guide to Personal Computets, Release 9.0. Statistical Analysis System institute. Inc, NC. North Carolina USA.
Savadogo, M., Zemmelink, G. and Nianogo, A.J. (2000b). Effect of selective consumption onvoluntary intake and the digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Stover, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and groundnut haulm (Arachis hypogea L) haulms by sheep. Animal feed Science and Technology, 87, 57-69.
Singh, B.B., Musa, A., Ajeigbe, H.A. and Tarawali, S.A. (2011). Effect of feeding crop residues of different cereals and legumes on weight gain of Yankassa rams. International Journal of Livestock Production, 2(2):17–23.
Tolera, A. (2008). Feed resources and feeding management: A manual for feed lot operators and development works. Ethopia sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards and livestock and meat marketing program. (SPS-LMM). Adis Ababa, Ethopia. Pp. 36-37.
Thomson, E.F., Von Kaufmann, R., Li Pun. H., Treacher, T. and van Houten, H. (2000). Global agenda for livestock research, Proceedings of the consultation on setting livestock Research Priorities in west Asia and North Africa (WANA) Region. International Livestock Research Institute Aleppo (Syria), Pp.172.
Yusuf, A. L., Adeyemi, D. K. and Samsudin, A. A, Goh, M. Y and Razak, A. A. (2017). Effects of dietary supplementation of Andrographis paniculata on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and microbiota in goats. BMC Veterinary Research 13:349.
Abouheif, M. A., Kraidees, M.S. and Al-selbood, B.A. (2010). The utilization of rumen content-
barley meal in diets of growing lambs. Asian-Austrasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 12(8): 1234- 1240.
Abil, J. U., Iji, P.A., Umuna, N.N. and Dim, N.I. (1992). The replacement value of wheat bran or cotton seed cake and maize in the diet of sheep. Bulletin of Animal Health Production in Africa, 41: 65-69.
Adamu, U.K., Muhammad, A. and Adam, J.A. (2014). Evaluation of soil reaction, exchangeable acidity and cation exchange capacity of soil from Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Teaching, Research and Commercial farm, Gaya. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 83:320–332.
Aduku, A.O. (2005). Tropical Feedstuff Analysis Table. Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Sekwolo SA & Co publishers. Zaria, Nigeria.
Ajeigbe, H. A. Waliyar, F. Echekwu, C. and Ayuba, A. (2003). Evaluation of the aflatoxin contamination and proximate composition of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) infected by Aspergillus spp. International Journal of Science and Technology, 3(5): 5440-55.
Anelea, U.Y., Arigbede, O.M., Sudekua, K.H, Ikb, K.A, Onc A.O., Ojanith J.A, Amole G.A., Dele, P.A and Jolaosho A.O. (2012). Effects of processed cowpea (Vigna umguiculata) haulms as a feed supplement on voluntary intake, utilization and blood profile of West Africa dwarf sheep feed a basal diet of Pennisetum purpureum in the dry season. Animal Feed, Science and Technology, 159:10-17.
Ashiru, R.M., Ehoche, O.W., Akpa, G. N., Muhammad, I.R. and Tanko, R.J. (2010). Utilization of cowpea and groundnut haulms as supplements in diets of Friesian × Bunaji Helfers in sub-humid zone of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 17 (2); 229-234.
Atkinson, R.L. Toone, C.D. and Ludden, P.A, (2010). Effects of ruminal protein degradability and frequency of supplementation on site and extent of digestion and ruminal fermentation characteristics in lambs fed low-quality forage. Journal of Animal Science, 8(2): 718-726.
Bunyapraphatsara N. (2007). Utilization of medicinal plants in animal production. 11th International Congress. Leiden, Netherlands, Phytopharmcology;
Chakeredza, S., Ter, Meulen. U.R and Ndlovu, J., (2002). Ruminal fermentation kinetics in Ewes offered a maize stover basal diet hay, cotton seed meal or maize meal. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 34 (3): 215-23.
Cabrita, L.D. and Dai, W. (2011). Effect of dietary protein concentration and balance of absorbable amino acid on productive responses to dairy cow fed corn silage- based diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 94: 4647-4656.
Kehinde, A.S, Omole, A.J., Bobadoye, A.O. and Obun, C.O. (2010). Growth performances and nutrients digestibility of Uda rams fed diets containing graded levels of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Proceedings of the 35th conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production 14-17th March, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp. 356.
Koralagama, K. D. N., Mould, F. L., Fernandez-Rivera, S. and Hanson, J. (2008). The effect of supplementing maize stover with cowpea haulms on the intake and the growth performance of Ethiopian sheep. Animal, 2: 954-961.
Manyuchi, B., Deb, F.D., Hovel, L.R., Ndlovu, J., Topps, H. and Tigere, A. (1997). The use of groundnut hay as a supplement for sheep consuming poor quality natural pasture hay. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 69:17-26.
McDonald, P., Edward, R.A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. and Morgan, C. A. (1998). Animal Nutrition.
5th Edition, Longman, London.
Maigandi, S. A. and Nasiru, A. (2006). Replacement value of Faidherbia albida pods (Fap) fed to Uda sheep in a semi-arid zone, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production. Bayero University, Kano. March 12 -15th 2006.
Mosimanyana, B. and Kiflewahid, B. (2006). Feeding of crop residues to milking cows in small scale farms in Bostswana. http//www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/5494E/5494e0h.htm
Ngwa, A. T. and Tawah, C. L. (2002). Effect of supplement with leguminous crop residues or concentrates on the voluntary intake and performance of Kirdi sheep. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 34 (1): 65-73.
Nweke B.O. and Nwankwagu, A.E. (2010). Effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera under different feeding regimes on growth performance and gut microbes of West African Dwarf goats. Proceeding of the 35th Conference for Nigerian Society of Animal Production 14-17th March, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp. 299.
National Research Council (2007). Nutrient requirement of small ruminants: Sheep, No 179. Retrieved January 14th 2020 from: 10.1038/nrheum.
Osuji, P.O., Fermandez-Rivera, S. and Odenyo, A. (1995). Improving fibre utilization and protein supply in animals fed poor quality roughages. International livestock research institute, Addis Ababa, Pp.1-22.
Otchere, E.O., Tanko, R.J., Muhammad, I. R, Kallah, M.S., Ahmad, H.U., Muhammad, A.K., Gefu, J.O., Ajala, M.K. and Ndubuisi, A.H. (1994). Forage and cattle production under the traditional system of management in the Savannah Zone of Nigeria. In: Osinowo, O. A., Otchere, E.O., Adamu, A.M., Uza, D.V. and Agwu, J.O., (eds). Strategies for Improving Livestock Production for small scale farmers in Nigeria. Proceeding of a Workshop on Livestock Systems Research, organized by FDLPCS, Kaduna 11- 16 July 1993. Pp. 77 -88.
Osafo, E.L.K, Antwic, Donkoh A. and Adu-Dapaah, H. (2013). Feeding graded levels of an improved cultiva haulms as supplement for rams fed maize stover diet. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(2):87-93.
Omokanye, A.T., Onifade, O.S., Olorunju, P.E., Adamu, A.M., Tanko, R.J. and Balogun, R.O. (2001). The evaluation of dual-purpose groundnut (Arachis hypogea) varieties for fodder and seed production at Shika, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 136:75-79.
Pervez A. (1992). Response of sheep to different feed additives. M.Sc. Thesis NWFP Agricultural University. Pashawar, Pakistan.
S.A.S (2004). SAS/STAT Guide to Personal Computets, Release 9.0. Statistical Analysis System institute. Inc, NC. North Carolina USA.
Savadogo, M., Zemmelink, G. and Nianogo, A.J. (2000b). Effect of selective consumption onvoluntary intake and the digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Stover, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and groundnut haulm (Arachis hypogea L) haulms by sheep. Animal feed Science and Technology, 87, 57-69.
Singh, B.B., Musa, A., Ajeigbe, H.A. and Tarawali, S.A. (2011). Effect of feeding crop residues of different cereals and legumes on weight gain of Yankassa rams. International Journal of Livestock Production, 2(2):17–23.
Tolera, A. (2008). Feed resources and feeding management: A manual for feed lot operators and development works. Ethopia sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards and livestock and meat marketing program. (SPS-LMM). Adis Ababa, Ethopia. Pp. 36-37.
Thomson, E.F., Von Kaufmann, R., Li Pun. H., Treacher, T. and van Houten, H. (2000). Global agenda for livestock research, Proceedings of the consultation on setting livestock Research Priorities in west Asia and North Africa (WANA) Region. International Livestock Research Institute Aleppo (Syria), Pp.172.
Yusuf, A. L., Adeyemi, D. K. and Samsudin, A. A, Goh, M. Y and Razak, A. A. (2017). Effects of dietary supplementation of Andrographis paniculata on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and microbiota in goats. BMC Veterinary Research 13:349.
Published
2022-02-14
How to Cite
Dan Abba, Y.U., Maigandi, S.A., Ashiru, R.M., Kolo, U.M., & Nura, S. (2022). Nutrients Digestibility and Growth Performance of Yankasa Rams as Influenced by Cowpea and Groundnut Haulms Supplementation to Basal Rice Straw. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 4(4), 41 - 49. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/174
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