Effects of diets containing chromium picolinate with or without vitamin C on the acetylcholinesterase and total protein concentrations in the brain regions of cocks under heat stress condition

Adebayo F. B.; Adu, O. A.; Olarotimi, O. J.; Chineke C. A.

Adebayo F. B. Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, The Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria.
Adu, O. A. Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, The Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria.
Olarotimi, O. J. Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
Chineke C. A. Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, The Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria.

Keywords: Acetylcholine, Oxidative stress, Chickens, Hypothalamus

Abstract

A total of one hundred and ninety-two (192) twenty-four weeks old sexually matured two breeds of cocks comprising of ninety-six (96) White Legon and Noiler cocks each were used to assess the total protein (TP) concentration, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and specific cholinesterase (SAChE) activities of cocks fed diets containing varied levels of chromium picolinate (CrPic) with or without vitamin (Vit C). A total of 8 experimental diets were constituted with four diets containing CrPic at 0.00, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20 mg CrPic/kg without Vit C and another four diets containing CrPic at 0.00, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20 mg CrPic/kg with Vit C inclusion at 200 mg/kg diet in each of the treatments. The two breeds of cocks were randomly distributed on the 8 treatments and replicated 4 times with 6 cocks per replicate in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The study lasted for a period of sixteen weeks after which two birds per replicate were randomly selected, slaughtered and the brains were carefully removed for determination of AChE, SAChE and TP concentrations respectively. The results of the study revealed significant (P<0.05) breed differences in the brain AChE, SAChE and TP levels of the cocks. Diets containing CrPic without Vit C significantly (P<0.05) elevated the AChE and SAChE activities in all the brain regions while the TP were significantly (P<0.05) reduced. The breed, treatment and level interactions did not significantly influenced the AChE and SAChE activities with or without Vit C while the TP was significantly (P<0.05) affected. Inclusion of CrPic above 0.40 mg/kg diet was discovered to negatively affect the parameters studied. However, Vit C played a neuroprotective role against the effects of CrPic-induced cognitive defects in the cocks by enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission. This study therefore, suggests that 0.40 mg CrPic/kg diet with Vit C has a potential to significantly reduce the effects of heat stress on cocks raised under high ambient temperature without negatively impacting the normal cholinergic neurotransmission of the brain.

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