Discriminant analysis of sexual dimorphism in morphometric traits of local duck populations in Nigeria
Keywords:
Duck, Sex, Traits, Variation, Discriminant
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine sexual dimorphism among local ducks populations in southeastern Nigeria by discriminant analysis of morphometric traits. A total of one hundred and forty-six (146) adult local ducks of both sexes randomly selected from their breeding tracts were used for the study. The nine (9) morphometric traits measured were body weight (BDW), Body Length (BDL), Body Circumference (BDC), Thigh Circumference (THC), Bill Length (BLL), Neck Length (NKL) Foot Length (FTL) Total Leg Length (TLL) and Wing Length (WNL). Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance while significant means were subjected to discriminant analysis. Results revealed that drakes were superior (p<0.05) to the ducks for body weight and all the body characteristics studied. Standardized canonical function coefficients of morphometric traits showed that body weight had the highest discriminating power, followed by shank length, total foot length, bill length, body length, neck length, thigh length and body circumference. Group centroids indicated that the body measurements were distinctly different from each other when sex is used as the discriminating factor. Classification results showed that 92.2% and 100% of original cases and also cross-validated test for local ducks were correctly classified into males and females respectively. These results could be used as baseline data for duck improvement and conservation programme in a bid to tackle food insecurity which is a global challenge.
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References
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Herring, G., Ackerman, J.T., Eagles-Smith, C.A. and Takekawa J.Y. (2010). Sexing California gulls using morphometrics and discriminant function analysis. Waterbirds, 33: 79-85.
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Martinez-Gomez, J.E. and Curry, R.C. (1998). Distinguishing sex of Socorro mockingbirds by body measurements. Ornithol. Neotrop., 9: 103-110.
McCracken, K. G., Paton, D. C. and Alan, D. (2000).Sexual size dimorphism of the musk duck. The Wilson Bulletin., 112(4): 457-466.
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Oguntunji A.O., Ayorinde K.L. (2014). Sexual size dimorphism and sex determination by morphometric measurements in locally adapted Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) in Nigeria. Acta 16 agriculturae Slovenica, 104/1.
Oguntunji, A.O. (2013). Phenotypic and biochemical characterization of the Nigerian Muscovy ducks. Ph. D. Dissertation. Bowen University. Iwo. Osun State. Nigeria. Pp: 333.
Piersma, T. (1988).Morphological variation in a European population of great crested grebes Podiceps cristatus in relation to age, sex and season. Journal of Ornithology, 3: 299-316.
Robertson, G.J., Mittelhauser, G.H., Chubbs, T., Trimper, P., Goudie, R.I., Thomas, P.W., Brodeur, S., Robert, M., Gilliland, S.G. and Savard, J.L. 2008. Morphological variation among harlequin ducks in the Northwest Atlantic. Waterbirds, 31: 194-203.
Semakula J, Lusembo P, Kugonza DR, Mutetikka D, Ssennyonjo J. and Mwesigwa M (2011). Estimation of live body weight using zoometrical measurements for improved marketing of indigenous chicken in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda. Livestock Research on Rural Devevelopment, 23:170.
Souza, D.L., Evangelista-Rodrigues, A., Ribeiro, M.N., Alvarez, F.P., Farias, E.S.L. and Pereira, W.E. 2009. Morphometric analyses between Apis mellifera from region Sertao Paraiba State, Brazil. Arch. Zootec., 58: 65-71.
Teguia, A., Ngandjou, H.M., Defang, H. and Tchoumboue, J. (2008). Study of the live body weight and body characteristics of the African Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata).Tropical Animal Health Production, 40: 5-10.
Thalmann, S., Baker, G.B., Hindell, M., Double, M.C. and Gales, R. (2007). Using biometric measurements to determine gender of flesh footed shearwaters, and their application as a tool in long-line by-catch management and ecological field studies. Emu, 107: 231-238.
Yakubu A., Salako A.E. and Imumorin I.G. (2011).Comparative multivariate analysis of biometric traits of West African Dwarf and Red Sokoto goats.Trop. Anim. Health Production, 43: 561-566.
Yakubu, A. (2011). Discriminant analysis of sexual dimorphism in morphological traits of African Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata). Archivos de Zootecnia., 60: 1115-1123.
Yakubu, A., Musa-Azara, I.S., Aya, V.E., Barde, R.E. and Abimiku, H.K. (2009) Path analysis of body weight and morphometric traits of Nigerian indigenous Muscovy ducks. Agricultural Science and Technology, 1: 64-70.
Zenatello, M. and Kiss, J.B. (2005). Biometrics and sex identification of the rose-coloured starling Sturnus roseus. Ringing and Migration, 22: 163-166.
Bochno, R., Lewezuk, A. and Wawro, E. (1994). Comparison of growth and feed efficiency of Muscovy and pekin ducks. Poultry Abstract, 20(3): 18, CAB International.
Duru, S., Akpa, G.N., Sai'du, L., Olugbemi, T .S.and Jokthan, G.E. (2006). Preliminary study on duck management under peri-urban system. Livestock research for rural development. 18(3): http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd18/3/duru18036.htm
Etuk, I.F., Ojewole, G.S. and Abasiekong, S.F. (2006). Performance of muscovy ducks under three management systems in Southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Poultry Science 5(5):474-476.
FAO (2000a). FAOSTAT.Statistical database of Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Gizaw, S., van Arendonk, J.A.M., Komen, H., Windig, J.J. and Hanotte, O. (2007). Population structure, genetic variation and morphological diversity in indigenous sheep of Ethiopia. Animal Genetics, 38:621–628.
Gueye, E.F. (2003). Production and consumption trends in Africa. World Poultry, 19 (11):12-14.
Herring, G., Ackerman, J.T., Eagles-Smith, C.A. and Takekawa J.Y. (2010). Sexing California gulls using morphometrics and discriminant function analysis. Waterbirds, 33: 79-85.
John-Alder, H.B., Cox, R.M. and Taylor, E.N. (2007). Proximate developmental mediators of sexual dimorphism in size: case studies from squamate reptiles. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47: 258–271. doi:10.1093/icb/icm010
Kadurumba, O. E., Egenuka, F. C., Ikpamezie, L. C., Kadurumba, C. and Onunkwo,
D. N. (2019). Evaluation of local duck production systems in Imo and Abia States of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 46(3):120 - 130
Kothari, C.R. and Garg, G. (2014). Research methodology; methods and techniques (3rd ed). New age international publishers New Dehli India. Pp 373 -386.
Lix, L.M. and Sojobi, T.T. (2010). Discriminant analysis for repeated measured data: A Review. Psychology, 1: 146. Doi: 10.3389/fpsy
Lo Valvo, M. (2001). Sexing adult Cory's shearwater by discriminant analysis of body measurements on Linosa Island (Sicilian Channel), Italy. WaterBirds, 24: 169-174.
Manuel, L.C. (2008). Pictorial guidance for phenotypic characterization of chickens and ducks. Food and Agriculture Organization, GCP/RAS/228/GER Working Paper No. 15. Rome.
Martinez-Gomez, J.E. and Curry, R.C. (1998). Distinguishing sex of Socorro mockingbirds by body measurements. Ornithol. Neotrop., 9: 103-110.
McCracken, K. G., Paton, D. C. and Alan, D. (2000).Sexual size dimorphism of the musk duck. The Wilson Bulletin., 112(4): 457-466.
Mogesse, H.H. (2007). Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of indigenous chicken population in Northern Ethiopia PhD. Dissertation submitted to Department of Animal and Wildlife and Grassland Service University of Freestate Bloem fountain, South Africa.
NBS (2010). Annual Abstract of Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics Abuja, Nigeria.
Norman, J.S. Jr. and Robert, P.R. (1984). Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhnchos Diazi) in Mexico. The Condor, 86: 266-274.
Ogah, D.M., Momoh, M.O. and Dim, N.I. (2011).Application of canonical discriminat analysis for assessment of genetic variation in Muscovy duck ecotypes in Nigeria. Egyptian Poultry Science, 31: 429-436
Oguntunji A.O., Ayorinde K.L. (2014). Sexual size dimorphism and sex determination by morphometric measurements in locally adapted Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) in Nigeria. Acta 16 agriculturae Slovenica, 104/1.
Oguntunji, A.O. (2013). Phenotypic and biochemical characterization of the Nigerian Muscovy ducks. Ph. D. Dissertation. Bowen University. Iwo. Osun State. Nigeria. Pp: 333.
Piersma, T. (1988).Morphological variation in a European population of great crested grebes Podiceps cristatus in relation to age, sex and season. Journal of Ornithology, 3: 299-316.
Robertson, G.J., Mittelhauser, G.H., Chubbs, T., Trimper, P., Goudie, R.I., Thomas, P.W., Brodeur, S., Robert, M., Gilliland, S.G. and Savard, J.L. 2008. Morphological variation among harlequin ducks in the Northwest Atlantic. Waterbirds, 31: 194-203.
Semakula J, Lusembo P, Kugonza DR, Mutetikka D, Ssennyonjo J. and Mwesigwa M (2011). Estimation of live body weight using zoometrical measurements for improved marketing of indigenous chicken in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda. Livestock Research on Rural Devevelopment, 23:170.
Souza, D.L., Evangelista-Rodrigues, A., Ribeiro, M.N., Alvarez, F.P., Farias, E.S.L. and Pereira, W.E. 2009. Morphometric analyses between Apis mellifera from region Sertao Paraiba State, Brazil. Arch. Zootec., 58: 65-71.
Teguia, A., Ngandjou, H.M., Defang, H. and Tchoumboue, J. (2008). Study of the live body weight and body characteristics of the African Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata).Tropical Animal Health Production, 40: 5-10.
Thalmann, S., Baker, G.B., Hindell, M., Double, M.C. and Gales, R. (2007). Using biometric measurements to determine gender of flesh footed shearwaters, and their application as a tool in long-line by-catch management and ecological field studies. Emu, 107: 231-238.
Yakubu A., Salako A.E. and Imumorin I.G. (2011).Comparative multivariate analysis of biometric traits of West African Dwarf and Red Sokoto goats.Trop. Anim. Health Production, 43: 561-566.
Yakubu, A. (2011). Discriminant analysis of sexual dimorphism in morphological traits of African Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata). Archivos de Zootecnia., 60: 1115-1123.
Yakubu, A., Musa-Azara, I.S., Aya, V.E., Barde, R.E. and Abimiku, H.K. (2009) Path analysis of body weight and morphometric traits of Nigerian indigenous Muscovy ducks. Agricultural Science and Technology, 1: 64-70.
Zenatello, M. and Kiss, J.B. (2005). Biometrics and sex identification of the rose-coloured starling Sturnus roseus. Ringing and Migration, 22: 163-166.
Published
2021-05-02
How to Cite
Kadurumba, O.E., Okere, P.C., Egenuka, F.C., & Iwuji, T.C. (2021). Discriminant analysis of sexual dimorphism in morphometric traits of local duck populations in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 4(1), 82 - 89. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/134
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