Nutrient Intake, Growth Performance and Economics of Production of Growing Yankasa Rams Fed Urea Treated Sesame Chaff Supplemented with Varying Proportion of Protein and Energy Sources
Keywords:
Yankasa, Urea, Sesame chaff
Abstract
The nutrient intake, growth performance and economics of production were evaluated on thirty (30) growing Yankasa rams with an average weight of 19±2 kg. Urea supplemented sesame chaff was fed ad libitum with proteins and energy concentrates at different combinations of 1:1 CSC/WO, 1:1 CSC/MB, 1:1 GNC/WO, 1:1 GNC/MB, 1:3 CSC/MB and 1:3 GNC/MB designated as diets 1,2,3,4, 5 and 6, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six (6) treatments having five animals each. The basal diet and water were offered ad libitum and 150 g of the concentrate was fed twice daily (morning and afternoon). Results of the basal diet intake (871.70-994.68 g/day), total feed intake (1160.08-1288.99 g/day), dry matter intake (1095.73-1221.00 g/day) and water intake (4.11-1221.00 g/day) were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the combinations of the concentrates across the diets. However, supplement intake (SI g/day) was significant (P< 0.05) among the rams. Diet 5 recorded the highest value (2.95.87 g/day) and the least value (282.53g/day) was obtained for diet 2. The intake of crude proteins (CPI g/day) was significantly (P˂0.05) higher (115.31 and 113.06 g/day) and similar for diets 3 and 4, and the lowest value (93.10 g/day) was recorded for diet 2. The result of acid detergent fibre intake (g/day) was significantly (P˂0.05) higher (714.72 g/day) for rams fed diet 6. A similar trend was obtained for neutral detergent fibre intake (g/day). Rams fed diet 6 recorded the highest (29.60 kg and 121.42 g/day) final weight and ADG, respectively and those on diet 1 the least value (24.90 kg and 70.24 g/day). Feed cost kg/gain (N) and feed cost savings (328.22-552.46 and 42.81 and 224.24 N) were better for rams fed diet 6. It is concluded that feeding rams a combination of groundnut cake and maize bran concentrates at a ratio of 1:3 gave better growth performance. Thus, it is recommended that Yankasa rams be fed urea supplemented sesame chaff diet and provided with 300 g of groundnut cake and maize bran concentrates (1:3).
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References
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Adu, I.F. and W.L. Brinckman (1981). Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of sheep fed varying concentrate levels. Journal of Animal Production Resources. 1(1): 1-12.
Ajayi, D.A., Adeneye, J.A. and Ajayi, F.T (2008) Intake and nutrient utilization of West African Dwarf Goats fed mango (mangifera indica), Ficus (Ficus thionningii), Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) foliages and concentrates as supplement to basal diet of guinea grass (Panicum maximum). World Journal of Agricultyral Sciences. 1(2):184 – 189.
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Dequ, A., Melatu, S. and Berhane, G. (2009). Supplementation of iso-nitrogenous oil seed cakes in cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) tef straw (Eragrostis tef) based feeding of Tigray Highland sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 148(2): 214-226.
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Jokthan, G.E., Muhammad, S.A. and Osuhur, C.U. (2013). Effect of cottonseed cake replacement with broiler litter on performance of yankasa rams fed maize husk. FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences (1): 147-155.
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Leandro da Silva, F., Ivan L. B., Luciane R. S., João Restle, D.C., Luiz Angelo, D.P., Viviane Santos da Silva, V., Leonel da Silva, R (2013). Performance of finishing steers fed different sources of carbohydrates. R. Bras. Zootec. 42(5). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia.
Lu, C.D., Kawas, J.R. and Mahgoub, O.G. (2005). Fibre digestion and utilization in goats. Small Ruminant Research. 60:45-52.
Lynch, J.J., G.N. Hinch and D.B. Adams (1992). The Behaviours of Sheep, Biological principles and implication for production. C.A.B. International, Wallington Oxon.
Lynch, J.J., G.N. Hinch and D.B. Adams (1992). The Behaviours of Sheep, Biological principles and implication for production. C.A.B. International, Wallington Oxon.
Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I.T., Al-Saqry, N.M. and Al-Busaid, R. M. (2005). Potential of Oman jebel Akhdar goat for meat production under feed lot conditions. Small Ruminant Reseacrh 56(3): 223 – 230.
Maigandi, S.A., H.M. Tukur and A.I. Daneji (2002). Fore-stomach digesta in the diet of growing sheep 1. Performance and economics of production. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 4(2): 16-21.
Marckwick, G. (2007) water reqiuements for sheep and cattle. Prime fact 326. Culled from Markwich, G. 2007. Water requirements for sheep and Cattle. Prime facts Pp. 326.
Mascarenhas-Ferreira, A., Guedes, A. A and Silva, D. D (1989) Effect of urea treatment on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of meadow hay of northern Portugal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 25:157-467.
Mekasha, Y., Tegegne, A. and Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (2007). Effect of supplementation of Agro- industrial by-productsand Khat(Catha edulis) leftovers on testicular growth and sperm production on Ogaden bucks. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Physiology and Pathology 54(3): 147-155.
Muhammad, N., Maigandi, S.A., Hassan, W.A. and Deneji, A.I., (2008). Growth performance and economics of sheep production varying levels of rice milling waste. FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences (1): 147-155
Muhammad, N., Maina, B. M., Aljameel, K. M., Maigandi, S. A. & Buhari, S. (2016) Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Rams Fed Graded Levels of Parkia biglobosa (African Locust Bean) Yellow Fruit Pulp. International Journal of Livestock Research, 6 (5), 33-42.
Ndamitso, M.M., Jacob, J.O., Idris, S. and Jimoh, T. (2010): Prospects in the Use of Ficus Polita as a Local Ruminant Feed. African Journal of Biotechnology 9 (21): 3116-3121.
Njidda, A. A., Olafadehan, O. A., Duwa, H. (2014) Effect of dietary inclusion of browse forage (Ziziphus mucronata) in a total mixed ration on performance of Yankasa rams. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 1(4A):235-241.
Ørskov, E.R., & McDonald, Y., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Jounal of Agricultural Science. 92, 499-503.
Ososanya, T.O (2010) Effect of varying levels of broiler litter on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf Lambs. Nig. J. Anim. Sci. 12: 123 – 128.
Osuhor, C.U, Tanko, R.J, Dung, D.D, Muhammad, I.R and Odunze, A.C. (2004). Water consumption of Yankasa. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3 (3): 154-157, 2004 © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2004 154 Water Consumption of Yankasa Rams Fed a Basal Diet of Maize Stover-lablab Mixture C.U.
Payne, W.J.A. and Wilson, R.T. (1999). Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics (5th edition). Cambidge University Press, London. Pp. 446.
Phiri, D.M., Coulman, B., Steppler, H.A., Kamara, C.S. and Kwesiga, F. (2002). The effect of browse supplementation on maize husk utilization by goats. Agro-forestry systems 17:153-158.
Pittroff, W., Keisler, D H. and Blackburn, H. D (2006). Effect of a high protein, low –energy diet in finishing lambs: 1. Feed intake, estimated nutrient uptake and levels of plasma metabolites and metabolic hormones. Livestock Science 101:262-277.
Quala, I.D., Yahaya, M. S., Midau, A., Aju, S. B.Y., Mukar, M and Nyako, H.D. (2011). Assessment of digestibility of inter cropped Sorghum Stover with legumes (Groundnuts) Global Journal of science frontier research 11 (3) Pp 45-54,
Reddy, P. B and Reddy, Y. R (2002) Effect of urea treatment on nutritive value of straw of SSG 59-3 Cultivar of sorghum. Indian Veterinary Journal 79 (10):1080-1082
SAS (Statistical Analysis System) 2002 SAS Version 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Singh, S. and Kundu, S.S. (2010). Effect of tropical browse leaves supplementation on rumen enzymes of sheep and goats fed Dichantium annulatum grass-based diets. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42(6): 1181-1187.
Steel, R.G.D and Torrie J.H. (1990): Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Application 2nd Edition McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York, U.S.A. 23
Teferi, A., Getachew, A. and Habtemariam, K. (2013) Utilization and nutritive value of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) straw as feed for livestock in the North western lowlands of Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development 25(7). www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/7/areg25124.html.
Teferi, A., Getachew, A., Kefelegn K. and Habtemariam, K. (2014) Effect of lime and/or urea treatment of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) straw on feed intake, digestibility and body weight gain of sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26 (8) 2014.
Thiang, C.M., Sanh, M.V. Wiktorsson. H. (2008). Effect of supplementation of mixed cassava and legume fodder on rumen degradability and performance of growing cattle. Asian- Australian Journal of Animal Science 5 (4): 216-226.
Van Raay, H.G.T. and de Leeuw, P.N. (1974). Fodder Resources and Grazing Management in a Savanna Environment: An Ecosystems Approach. Occasional Paper No. 5, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.
VanSoest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Method for Dietary Fibre, Neutral Detergent Fibre, non-starch Polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy science 74:3583-3597.
Wanapat, M., Polyorach, S., Boonnop, K., Mapato, C. and Cherdthong, A. (2009). Effect of streating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livestock Science 125:238-243.
Yahaya, M.S., Takahashia, J., Matsuoka, S. and Kibon, A. (1999). ). Effect of supplementary feeding of cottonseed cake on feed intake, water consumption and work output of work bulls in Borno State, Nigeria.
Adegun, M.K and Aye, P.A (2013). Growth performance and economic analysis of West African Dwarf Rams fed Moringa oleifera and cotton seed cake as protein supplements to Panicum maximum. American Journal of Food and Nutrition. 3.2.58.
Adegun, M.K and Aye, P.A (2013). Growth performance and economic analysis of West African Dwarf Rams fed Moringa oleifera and cotton seed cake as protein supplements to Panicum maximum. American Journal of Food and Nutrition. 3.(2).58.
Adu, I.F. and W.L. Brinckman (1981). Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of sheep fed varying concentrate levels. Journal of Animal Production Resources. 1(1): 1-12.
Ajayi, D.A., Adeneye, J.A. and Ajayi, F.T (2008) Intake and nutrient utilization of West African Dwarf Goats fed mango (mangifera indica), Ficus (Ficus thionningii), Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) foliages and concentrates as supplement to basal diet of guinea grass (Panicum maximum). World Journal of Agricultyral Sciences. 1(2):184 – 189.
Alemu, W., Melaku, S. and Tolera, A. (2009). Supplementation of cotton seed, linseed and noug seed cakes on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight and carcass parameter of sidame goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 42(4): 623-631.
Amer, H.A. (2008). Effect of body condition score and lactation number on selected reproductive parameters in lactating dairy cows. Global Veterinaria 2(3): 130-137.
AOAC.Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1999) Official Methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 14th edition. Washgton D.C., USA Pp:10
Babayemi, O.J., Ekokotu, O.A and U.A lyang (2009). Evaluation of ensiled Cassava peels together with Albizia Samam pods in: B.I Umoh, A.B.I Udedibie, LP Solomon, O.L Obasi, B.I Okon and E.J Udoh (eds). Animal Agriculture and Global Food challenges. Proceedings of the 34th annual conference of the NSAP held at University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria: 544 - 546.
Bello, A.A. and Tsado, D.N. (2013). Feed Intake and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Yankasa Rams Fed Sorghum Stover Supplemented with Graded Levels of Dried Poultry Droppings Basal Diet. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences. 10. 3923
Dequ, A., Melatu, S. and Berhane, G. (2009). Supplementation of iso-nitrogenous oil seed cakes in cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) tef straw (Eragrostis tef) based feeding of Tigray Highland sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 148(2): 214-226.
El-Badawi, A.Y. and H.M. Gado, (1998). Water requirements of Egyptian goats. International Goat Association (IGA) Newsletter January 1998. Pp: 7.
Hailu, A., Solomon, M., Berhan, T and Asaminew, T (2011) Body weight and carcass characteristics of Washera sheep fed urea treated rice straw supplemented with graded levels of concentrate mix. Livestock Research for Rural Development 23(8).
Jokthan, G.E., Muhammad, S.A. and Osuhur, C.U. (2013). Effect of cottonseed cake replacement with broiler litter on performance of yankasa rams fed maize husk. FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences (1): 147-155.
Lakpini, C.A.M; Adamu, A. M; Ehoche, O. W and Gefu, J. O (2002): Manual for small ruminant production. National Animal Production Research Institute. Pp6-9
Leandro da Silva, F., Ivan L. B., Luciane R. S., João Restle, D.C., Luiz Angelo, D.P., Viviane Santos da Silva, V., Leonel da Silva, R (2013). Performance of finishing steers fed different sources of carbohydrates. R. Bras. Zootec. 42(5). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia.
Leandro da Silva, F., Ivan L. B., Luciane R. S., João Restle, D.C., Luiz Angelo, D.P., Viviane Santos da Silva, V., Leonel da Silva, R (2013). Performance of finishing steers fed different sources of carbohydrates. R. Bras. Zootec. 42(5). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia.
Lu, C.D., Kawas, J.R. and Mahgoub, O.G. (2005). Fibre digestion and utilization in goats. Small Ruminant Research. 60:45-52.
Lynch, J.J., G.N. Hinch and D.B. Adams (1992). The Behaviours of Sheep, Biological principles and implication for production. C.A.B. International, Wallington Oxon.
Lynch, J.J., G.N. Hinch and D.B. Adams (1992). The Behaviours of Sheep, Biological principles and implication for production. C.A.B. International, Wallington Oxon.
Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I.T., Al-Saqry, N.M. and Al-Busaid, R. M. (2005). Potential of Oman jebel Akhdar goat for meat production under feed lot conditions. Small Ruminant Reseacrh 56(3): 223 – 230.
Maigandi, S.A., H.M. Tukur and A.I. Daneji (2002). Fore-stomach digesta in the diet of growing sheep 1. Performance and economics of production. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 4(2): 16-21.
Marckwick, G. (2007) water reqiuements for sheep and cattle. Prime fact 326. Culled from Markwich, G. 2007. Water requirements for sheep and Cattle. Prime facts Pp. 326.
Mascarenhas-Ferreira, A., Guedes, A. A and Silva, D. D (1989) Effect of urea treatment on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of meadow hay of northern Portugal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 25:157-467.
Mekasha, Y., Tegegne, A. and Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (2007). Effect of supplementation of Agro- industrial by-productsand Khat(Catha edulis) leftovers on testicular growth and sperm production on Ogaden bucks. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Physiology and Pathology 54(3): 147-155.
Muhammad, N., Maigandi, S.A., Hassan, W.A. and Deneji, A.I., (2008). Growth performance and economics of sheep production varying levels of rice milling waste. FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences (1): 147-155
Muhammad, N., Maina, B. M., Aljameel, K. M., Maigandi, S. A. & Buhari, S. (2016) Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Rams Fed Graded Levels of Parkia biglobosa (African Locust Bean) Yellow Fruit Pulp. International Journal of Livestock Research, 6 (5), 33-42.
Ndamitso, M.M., Jacob, J.O., Idris, S. and Jimoh, T. (2010): Prospects in the Use of Ficus Polita as a Local Ruminant Feed. African Journal of Biotechnology 9 (21): 3116-3121.
Njidda, A. A., Olafadehan, O. A., Duwa, H. (2014) Effect of dietary inclusion of browse forage (Ziziphus mucronata) in a total mixed ration on performance of Yankasa rams. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 1(4A):235-241.
Ørskov, E.R., & McDonald, Y., 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Jounal of Agricultural Science. 92, 499-503.
Ososanya, T.O (2010) Effect of varying levels of broiler litter on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf Lambs. Nig. J. Anim. Sci. 12: 123 – 128.
Osuhor, C.U, Tanko, R.J, Dung, D.D, Muhammad, I.R and Odunze, A.C. (2004). Water consumption of Yankasa. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3 (3): 154-157, 2004 © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2004 154 Water Consumption of Yankasa Rams Fed a Basal Diet of Maize Stover-lablab Mixture C.U.
Payne, W.J.A. and Wilson, R.T. (1999). Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics (5th edition). Cambidge University Press, London. Pp. 446.
Phiri, D.M., Coulman, B., Steppler, H.A., Kamara, C.S. and Kwesiga, F. (2002). The effect of browse supplementation on maize husk utilization by goats. Agro-forestry systems 17:153-158.
Pittroff, W., Keisler, D H. and Blackburn, H. D (2006). Effect of a high protein, low –energy diet in finishing lambs: 1. Feed intake, estimated nutrient uptake and levels of plasma metabolites and metabolic hormones. Livestock Science 101:262-277.
Quala, I.D., Yahaya, M. S., Midau, A., Aju, S. B.Y., Mukar, M and Nyako, H.D. (2011). Assessment of digestibility of inter cropped Sorghum Stover with legumes (Groundnuts) Global Journal of science frontier research 11 (3) Pp 45-54,
Reddy, P. B and Reddy, Y. R (2002) Effect of urea treatment on nutritive value of straw of SSG 59-3 Cultivar of sorghum. Indian Veterinary Journal 79 (10):1080-1082
SAS (Statistical Analysis System) 2002 SAS Version 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Singh, S. and Kundu, S.S. (2010). Effect of tropical browse leaves supplementation on rumen enzymes of sheep and goats fed Dichantium annulatum grass-based diets. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42(6): 1181-1187.
Steel, R.G.D and Torrie J.H. (1990): Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Application 2nd Edition McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York, U.S.A. 23
Teferi, A., Getachew, A. and Habtemariam, K. (2013) Utilization and nutritive value of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) straw as feed for livestock in the North western lowlands of Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development 25(7). www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/7/areg25124.html.
Teferi, A., Getachew, A., Kefelegn K. and Habtemariam, K. (2014) Effect of lime and/or urea treatment of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) straw on feed intake, digestibility and body weight gain of sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26 (8) 2014.
Thiang, C.M., Sanh, M.V. Wiktorsson. H. (2008). Effect of supplementation of mixed cassava and legume fodder on rumen degradability and performance of growing cattle. Asian- Australian Journal of Animal Science 5 (4): 216-226.
Van Raay, H.G.T. and de Leeuw, P.N. (1974). Fodder Resources and Grazing Management in a Savanna Environment: An Ecosystems Approach. Occasional Paper No. 5, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.
VanSoest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Method for Dietary Fibre, Neutral Detergent Fibre, non-starch Polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy science 74:3583-3597.
Wanapat, M., Polyorach, S., Boonnop, K., Mapato, C. and Cherdthong, A. (2009). Effect of streating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livestock Science 125:238-243.
Yahaya, M.S., Takahashia, J., Matsuoka, S. and Kibon, A. (1999). ). Effect of supplementary feeding of cottonseed cake on feed intake, water consumption and work output of work bulls in Borno State, Nigeria.
Published
2021-05-02
How to Cite
Abdullahi. M., Abubakar, M., Doma, U. D., & Kalla, D. J. U. (2021). Nutrient Intake, Growth Performance and Economics of Production of Growing Yankasa Rams Fed Urea Treated Sesame Chaff Supplemented with Varying Proportion of Protein and Energy Sources. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 4(1), 67 - 81. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/133
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