The Role of Selenium in Ameliorating Heat Stress on Thermoregulatory, Growth and Haematological Indices of Broiler Chickens
Keywords:
stress, selenium, poultry, physiological, performance, heterophil
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the role of selenium in ameliorating the impact of heat stress on physiological and growth performance of broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty six, Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used for this experiment; they were randomly distributed into four experimental treatments with selenium supplementation at 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg with four replicates in a Completely Randomized Design. The study comprised the starter (1-28 days) and finisher (28-49 day) phase. Thermoregulatory parameters were similar (p>0.05) with increase in selenium supplementation. At the starter phase, daily feed intake, daily weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality were similar (p>0.05). Birds fed the diet supplemented with 0.2 mgSe/kg had an increase (p<0.05) in daily water intake (149.86). At the finisher phase, all the parameters measured were similar (p>0.05). At the end of the starter phase, most haematological indices were similar (p>0.05) but higher (p<0.05) band cell count was observed for birds fed 0.2 and 0.3 mgSe/kg. At the end of the finisher phase, an increase (P<0.05) in packed cell volume (33.88), haemoglobin (11.28) and erythrocytes (5.50) was observed at 0.1 mgSe/kg supplementation. In conclusion 0.3 mg of selenium supplementation in the feed of broiler chickens had no detrimental effect on performance of broiler chickens and had the least feed cost per kg gain.
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References
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SAS (2002). Statistical Analysis System Institute, User’s Guide. Version 9 for Windows. North Carolina, U.S.A.
Simrak, S., Chinrasari, O. and Aegwanich, W. (2004). Haematological, electrolyte and serum biochemical value on the thai indigenous chicken. Journal of Science and Technology, 26(5): 425-430.
Sohali, M., Hume, M., Byrd, J., Nisbet, D., Ijaz, A., Sohali, A., Shabbir, M. and Rehman, H. (2012). Effect of supplementation of prebiotics mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic mixture on growth performance of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Journal of Poultry Science, 91: 2235 - 2240.
Suraï, P.F. (2002). Selenium in poultry nutrition 2. Reproduction, egg and meat quality and practical applications. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 58: 431 - 450.
Tao, X. and Xin, H. (2003). Acute synergistic effects of air temperature, humidity and velocity on homeostasis of market-size broilers. Transactions of the ASAE, 46(2): 491 - 497.
Yang, Y., Meng, F., Wang, P., Jiang, Y., Yin, Q. and Chang, J. (2012). Effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant property of broilers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(12): 3031 - 3036.
Zhou, X. and Wang, Y. (2011). Influence of dietary nano elemental selenium on growth performance, tissue selenium distribution, meat quality, and glutathione peroxidase activity in Guangxi Yellow chicken. Journal of Poultry Science, 90: 680 - 686.
Ahiwe, E.U., Omede, A.A., Abdallh, M.B. and Iji, P.A. (2018). Managing dietary energy intake by broiler chickens to reduce production costs and improve product quality. Animal Husbandry and Nutrition, Pp 115-145.
Altan, O., Altan, A., Cabuk, M. and Bayraktar, H. (2000). Effects of heat stress on growth, some blood variables and lipid oxidation in broilers exposed to high temperature at an early age. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 24: 145 - 148.
Cahaner, A., Ajuh, J.A., Siegmund-Schultze, M., Azoulay, Y., Druyan, S. and Valle-Zarate, A. (2008). Effects of the genetically reduced feather coverage in naked neck and featherless broilers on their performance under hot conditions. Journal Poultry Science, 87: 2517 - 2527.
CIGR. Climatization of Animal Houses (2000). Heat and moisture production at animal and house levels. 4th Report of Working Group of International Commission of Agricultural Engineering, Section II. Editors: Pedersen S, Sallvik K, Pp. 46.
FDA. (2004). Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21 CFR Part 573.920(h). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
Gross, W.B. and Siegel, H.S. (1983).Evaluation of the heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Journal of Avain Diseases, 27(4): 972 - 979.
Guoshun, C., Jinfeng, W. and Chong, Li. (2013). The effect of different selenium levels on production performance and biochemical parameters of broilers. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 12: 4 - 79. DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e79.
Habibian, M., Ghazi, S., Moeini, M.M. and Abdolmohammadi, A. (2014). Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on immune response and biological blood parameters of broilers reared under thermoneutral or heat stress conditions. International Journal of Biometeorology, 58: 741 - 752.
IAR. (2019). Institute of Agricultural Research, Meterological Data Information of Samaru and its environs. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Jain, N.C. (1986). Schalm veterinary haematology 4th edition Philadelphia, Lea and Ferbinger. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 5: 203 - 209.
Jain, N.C. (1993). Essentials of veterinary haematology, 4th edition Lea and Febriger, Philadelphia, U.SA.
Jan-Dirk, V.D.K. and Loek, D.L. (2013). Water intake of poultry. 19th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany, 1-11
Lara, L.J. and Rostagno, M.H. (2013). Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Production. Journal of Animal Science, 3: 356 - 369.
Lin, H., Decuypere, E. and Buyse, J. (2004). Oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallusgallus domesticus) 1. Chronic exposure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 139B: 737 - 744.
Maini, S., Shukla, S.K., Rastogi, S.K., Korde, J.P. and Madan, A.K. (2007). Evaluation of oxidative stress and its amelioration through certain antioxidants in broilers during summer. Journal of Poultry Science, 44: 339 - 347.
Majid, S., Jeremy, J.C., Stuart, W., Mitchell, R., John, B.F., Frank, R.D. (2018). Betaine and antioxidants improve growth performance, breast muscle development and ameliorate thermoregulatory responses to cyclic heat exposure in broiler chickens. Animals, 8: 162.
Marai, I.F.M., Ayyat, M.S. and Abd El-Monem, U.M. (2001). Growth performance and reproductive traits at first parity of New Zealand White female rabbits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation under Egyptian conditions. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 33: 1 - 12.
Meesam, R., Chandra, D., Mandal, A.B., Praveen, T. and Nasir, A.M. (2018). Effect of dietary supplementation of selenium and vitamin E on growth performance and haematology of broiler chicken under heat stress. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 53(2): 171 - 176.
Melesse, A., Maak, S., Schmidt, R. and VonLengerken, G. (2011). Effect of long-term heat stress on some performance traits and plasma enzyme activities in naked-neck chickens and their F1 crosses with commercial layer breeds. Journal of Livestock Science, 141: 227 - 231.
Melo, A.S., Fernandes, R.T.V., Marinho, J.B.M., Arruda, A.M.V., Figueiredo, L.C. and Fernandes, R.T.V. (2016). Relationship between temperature and nutrition on laying performance. Public Veterinary Medicine, 10: 855 - 860.
Mitruka, B.M. and Rawnsley, H.M. (1997). Clinical, Biochemical and Haematological Reference Value in Normal Experimental Animals. Mason Publishing Company, New York. Pp. 35 - 50.
Mujahid, A., Yoshiki, Y., Akiba, Y. and Toyomizu, M. (2005). Superoxide radical production in chicken skeletal muscle induced by acute heat stress. Journal of Poultry Science, 84: 307 - 314.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington,DC.
Okunlola, D.O., Akande, T., Nuga, H.A., Adebiyi, O. and Ojedele, T.S. (2015). Haematological and serum characteristics of broiler birds fed diets supplemented with varying levels of selenium powder. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare.11: 16 - 23.
Oliveira, T.F.B., Rivera, D.F.R., Mesquita, F., Braga, H., Ramos, E. and Bertechini, A.G. (2014). Effect of different sources and levels of selenium on performance, meat quality, and tissue characteristics of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 23(1): 15-22.
Ozbal, S., Erbil, G., Kocdor, H., Tugyan, K., Pekcetin, C. and Ozogul, C. (2008). The effects of selenium against cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury in rats. Neuroscience Lett, 438: 265-269.
Perić, L., Milošević, N., Žikić, D., Kanački, Z., Džinić, N. and Nollet, L. (2009). Spring P. Effect of selenium sources on performance and meat characteristics of broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 18: 403 - 409.
Purswell, J.L., Dozier, I.I.W., Hammed, A., Olanrewaju, J., Davis, D. and Xin, H. (2012). Effect of temperature-humidity index on live performance in broiler chickens grown from 49 to 63 days of age. Proceedings of the 9th International Livestock Environment Symposium. 2012 Jul, 8-12; Valencia. Spain.
SAS (2002). Statistical Analysis System Institute, User’s Guide. Version 9 for Windows. North Carolina, U.S.A.
Simrak, S., Chinrasari, O. and Aegwanich, W. (2004). Haematological, electrolyte and serum biochemical value on the thai indigenous chicken. Journal of Science and Technology, 26(5): 425-430.
Sohali, M., Hume, M., Byrd, J., Nisbet, D., Ijaz, A., Sohali, A., Shabbir, M. and Rehman, H. (2012). Effect of supplementation of prebiotics mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic mixture on growth performance of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Journal of Poultry Science, 91: 2235 - 2240.
Suraï, P.F. (2002). Selenium in poultry nutrition 2. Reproduction, egg and meat quality and practical applications. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 58: 431 - 450.
Tao, X. and Xin, H. (2003). Acute synergistic effects of air temperature, humidity and velocity on homeostasis of market-size broilers. Transactions of the ASAE, 46(2): 491 - 497.
Yang, Y., Meng, F., Wang, P., Jiang, Y., Yin, Q. and Chang, J. (2012). Effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant property of broilers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(12): 3031 - 3036.
Zhou, X. and Wang, Y. (2011). Influence of dietary nano elemental selenium on growth performance, tissue selenium distribution, meat quality, and glutathione peroxidase activity in Guangxi Yellow chicken. Journal of Poultry Science, 90: 680 - 686.
Published
2021-05-02
How to Cite
Ndubuisi, D.I., Abdulrashid, M., & Daudu, O.M. (2021). The Role of Selenium in Ameliorating Heat Stress on Thermoregulatory, Growth and Haematological Indices of Broiler Chickens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 4(1), 19 - 32. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/129
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