Effects of Irrigation Schedule and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Forage Yield of Two Cowpea Varieties in Nigeria
Keywords:
Cowpea, forage, varieties, phosphorus, irrigation
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation schedule and phosphorus fertilizer rates on forage yield of two cowpea varieties during 2018 and 2019 dry season. The experiment was laid out in a 2×3×3 factorial arrangement in a split plot design with three replications. Treatments consisted of 2 cowpea varieties (SAMPEA 14 and 15), 3 irrigation schedule (5, 10 and 15-days) and 3 phosphorus (P) fertilizer rates (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha). Leaf area index, fresh forage yield and dry forage yield were recorded. Results indicated that Leaf area index (LAI), dry forage yield (DFY) and fresh forage yield (FFY) of two cowpea varieties were affected (P<0.05) by some of the treatments during the two years trial. SAMPEA 14 had higher (P<0.05) FFY (4.31 Vs 3.65 t/ha) and DFY (3.13 Vs 2.86 t/ha) compared to SAMPEA 15. There was 4% (0.12t/ha) increase in DFY of Sampea 14 compared to Sampea 15 over the two trial periods. The 15 day irrigation schedule had lower (P<0.05) LAI compared to the other irrigation schedules that were similar. A combined mean for FFY of 4.40 t/ha and DFY of 3.50 t/ha were recorded at irrigation schedule of 5 days interval. DFY increased by 46% (1.61t/ha) in the combined trial periods with respect to the 5 days irrigation schedule compared to the 15 days. The results also revealed that 20 kgP/ha fertilizer rate resulted in higher (P<0.05) FFY and DFY only when compared to the control. The DFY was 2.97 t/ha in combined trial periods which is an increase by 12% (0.37t/ha) with respect to 20 kgP/ha compared to the control. It was therefore, concluded that, farmers should irrigate SAMPEA 14 using the 5 day irrigation schedule in combination with 20 kgP/ha of phosphorus fertilizer for optimum fodder yield.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abaidoo, R. C., Dare, M. O., Killani, S. and Opoku, A. (2016). Evaluation of early maturing cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasm for variation in phosphorus use efficiency and biological nitrogen fixation potential with indigenous rhizobial populations. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 155: 102–116.
Ayaz, S. B., Mckenzie, A., Hill, G. D and Mcneil, D. L. (2004). Variability in Yield of Four Grain Legume Species in a Sub-Humid Temperate Environment, II. Yield Components. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 142: 21-28.
Bala, A. G., Bature, M. S. and Hassan, A. H (2020). Grain Yield Response of Two Forage Cowpea Varieties (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) to Irrigation Intervals and Phosphorus Application Rates in Zaria. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 6 (1) 49-56
Bala, A. G., Hassan, M. R., Amodu, J. T., Tanko, R. J., Bello, S. S., Abdu, S. B., Ibrahim, U. B., Ishiaku, Y. M. and Ibrahim, H. (2016). Growth components and forage yield of Wynn Cassia (Chamaecrista rotundifolia Cv. Wynn) as influenced by varying levels of irrigation volume, frequency and Natron (Kanwa) in the Nigerian Savanna. Journal of Animal Production Research 28(1): 254-262.
Bala, A.G., Hassan, M.R., Tanko, R. J., Amodu, J.T., Bello, S.S., Ishiaku, Y.M and Mijinyawa, M. A (2018). Agronomic potential and forage yield of two cowpea varieties (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) as influenced by varying rates of phosphorus in Mando-Kaduna, Nigeria. 2nd ABU School of Postgraduate Studies (SPGS) Biennial Conference BOOK OF ABSTRACTS on 22th – 26th Oct, 2018 at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria. Pp 75.
Campos, P. S., Ramalho, J. C., Lauriano, M. J., Silva, J. A. and Matos, M. D. C. (1999). Effects of drought on photosynthetic performance and water relations of four Vigna genotypes. Photosynthetica, 36: 1-2, 79–87.
Coker, A. A., Odoemena, B., Akogun, E. O. and Mohammed, D. (2014). Cowpea farming in Mashegu local government area of Niger State: Implications for sustainable production and inclusive growth in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 16 (5): 33-48.
Dowsell, C. R., Pahina, R. L. and Cantrall, R. P. (1996). Maize in the third world. West View Press Inc. A. Division of Harper Collins Publishers, Inc. pp268.
Etissa, E., Dechassa, N., Alamirew, T., Alemayehu, Y. and Desalegn, L. (2014). Growth and physiological response of tomato to various irrigation regimes and integrated nutrient management practices. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 9 (19): 1484-1494.
Ewansiha, S. U. and Tofa, A. I. (2016). Yield response of cowpea varieties to sowing dates in a Sudan savannah agroecology of Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 9(1): 62 – 67
Franke, A. C., Rufino, M. C. and Farrow, A. (2011). Characterization of the impact zones and mandate areas in the N2Africa Project. Milestone reference number 1.4.1, P 50.
GPS, (2018). Geo-Positioning System (GPS). Garmin extres 12 channel Garmin.
Heuze, H., Tran, G., Noziere, P., Bastianelli, D. and Lebas, F. (2015). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) forage. Feedipedia, a programme by Food and Agicultura Organization. Retrieved from http://www.feedipedia.org/node.23 on 17 November 2017.
IAR. (2015). Released Variety Descriptors. Institute for Agricultural research, Samaru, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and rural Development. Ahmadu Bello University Zaria-Nigeria. Pp 69-73.
IAR. (2018). Institute for Agricultural Research. Ahmadu Bello University (A. B. U) meterological station.
IITA. (2003). Crop and farming systems. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Inaizume, H., Singh, B. B., Sanginga, P. C., Manyong, M. L., Adesina, A. A. and Tarrawali, S. (1999). Adoption and Impact of dry season Dual purpose Cowpea in the semi aridzone of Nigeria. HTA, Ibadan, Nigeria, Pp 16.
Ishiaku. Y. M., Hassan, M. R., Tanko, R. J., Amodu, J. T., Abdu, S. B., Ahmed, S. A., Abubakar, S. A., Lasisi, O. T., Bala, A. G., Bello, S. S. and Ibrahim, H. (2016). Effect of plant spacings on yield and quality of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) under rainfed condition in Shika, Nigeria. Journal of Animal Production Research, 28(1): 318-328.
Kamara, A. Y., Ellis-Jones, J., Ekeleme, F., Omoigui, L. O., Amaza, P., Chikoye, D and Dugje, I. Y. (2010). A Participatory Evaluation of Improved Cowpea Cultivars in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna Zones of Northeast Nigeria. Archive of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56 (3): 355-358.
Kumar, A., Yadav, P. K., Yadav, R. K., Singh, R. and Yadav, H. K. (2012). Growth, biomass production and quality characters of cowpea as influenced by phosphorus and sulphur fertilization on loamy sands of semi-arid sub tropics. Asian Journal of Soil Sciences, 7(1): 80-83.
Lemma, G. W., Worku, W. and Woldemichael, A. (2009). Moisture and Planting Density Interactions Affect Productivity in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Journal of Agronomy, 8: 117-123.
Madamba, R., Grubben, G. J. H., Asante, I. K. and Akromah, R. (2006). Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Record from Protabase. Brink, M. & Belay, G. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands.
Musa, U. T. and Usman, T. H. (2016). Leaf area determination for maize (Zea mays L), Okra (Abelmoschus escidentus L) and Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L), Crops using Linear Measurements. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. Vol.6, No.4.
Nkaa, F. A., Nwokeocha, O. W. and Ihuoma, O. (2014). Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Journal of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences, 9: 74-82.
Nziguheba, G., Zingore, S., Kihara, J., Merckx, R., Njoroge, S. and Otinga, A. (2016). Phosphorus in smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: implications for agricultural intensification. Nutritional Cycle of Agroecosystem, 104: 321–340.
Ogbonnaya, C. I., Sarr, B., Brou, C., Diouf, O., Diop, N. N. and Roy-Macauley, H. (2003). Selection of cowpea genotypes in hydroponics, pots and field for drought tolerance. Crop Science, 43: 3, 1114–1120.
Osodeke, V. E. (2005). Determination of phosphorus requirements of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the acid soils of south eastern Nigeria using sorption isotherms. Global Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(2): 135-138.
Pande, S. Bandyopa, R. Bliimmel, M. Narayana, R. J. Thomas, D. and Navi. S. S. (2003). Disease management factors influencing yield and quality of sorghum and groundnut crop residues. Field Crops Research, 84: 89-103.
Petu-Ibikunle, A. M., Abba-Mani, F. and Odo. P. E. (2008). Determination of Rate and time of Nitrogen Application on Cowpea variety in the Sudan Savannah zone. International Journal of Academic focus series 1(1): 13-21.
SAS. (2003). SAS/STAT. Guide for personal computer version, 6th Edition. Statistical Analysis System Institute, Inc. Cary, North Carolina, USA.
Tarawali, S. A., Tarawali, G., Larbi, A. and Hanson, J. (1995). Methods for the Evaluation of Legumes, Grasses and Fodder Trees for Use as Livestock Feed. ILRI Manual 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. Pp 1-12
Waraich, E. A., Ahmad, Z., Ahmad, R.S. and Ashraf, M. Y (2015). Foliar applied phosphorous enhanced growth, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes and PUE in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition. 38(12):1929–1943.
Zhang, Z., Liao, H. and Lucas, W. J. (2014). Molecular mechanisms underlying phosphate sensing, signaling, and adaptation in plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 56: 192–22.
Ayaz, S. B., Mckenzie, A., Hill, G. D and Mcneil, D. L. (2004). Variability in Yield of Four Grain Legume Species in a Sub-Humid Temperate Environment, II. Yield Components. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 142: 21-28.
Bala, A. G., Bature, M. S. and Hassan, A. H (2020). Grain Yield Response of Two Forage Cowpea Varieties (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) to Irrigation Intervals and Phosphorus Application Rates in Zaria. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 6 (1) 49-56
Bala, A. G., Hassan, M. R., Amodu, J. T., Tanko, R. J., Bello, S. S., Abdu, S. B., Ibrahim, U. B., Ishiaku, Y. M. and Ibrahim, H. (2016). Growth components and forage yield of Wynn Cassia (Chamaecrista rotundifolia Cv. Wynn) as influenced by varying levels of irrigation volume, frequency and Natron (Kanwa) in the Nigerian Savanna. Journal of Animal Production Research 28(1): 254-262.
Bala, A.G., Hassan, M.R., Tanko, R. J., Amodu, J.T., Bello, S.S., Ishiaku, Y.M and Mijinyawa, M. A (2018). Agronomic potential and forage yield of two cowpea varieties (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) as influenced by varying rates of phosphorus in Mando-Kaduna, Nigeria. 2nd ABU School of Postgraduate Studies (SPGS) Biennial Conference BOOK OF ABSTRACTS on 22th – 26th Oct, 2018 at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria. Pp 75.
Campos, P. S., Ramalho, J. C., Lauriano, M. J., Silva, J. A. and Matos, M. D. C. (1999). Effects of drought on photosynthetic performance and water relations of four Vigna genotypes. Photosynthetica, 36: 1-2, 79–87.
Coker, A. A., Odoemena, B., Akogun, E. O. and Mohammed, D. (2014). Cowpea farming in Mashegu local government area of Niger State: Implications for sustainable production and inclusive growth in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 16 (5): 33-48.
Dowsell, C. R., Pahina, R. L. and Cantrall, R. P. (1996). Maize in the third world. West View Press Inc. A. Division of Harper Collins Publishers, Inc. pp268.
Etissa, E., Dechassa, N., Alamirew, T., Alemayehu, Y. and Desalegn, L. (2014). Growth and physiological response of tomato to various irrigation regimes and integrated nutrient management practices. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 9 (19): 1484-1494.
Ewansiha, S. U. and Tofa, A. I. (2016). Yield response of cowpea varieties to sowing dates in a Sudan savannah agroecology of Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 9(1): 62 – 67
Franke, A. C., Rufino, M. C. and Farrow, A. (2011). Characterization of the impact zones and mandate areas in the N2Africa Project. Milestone reference number 1.4.1, P 50.
GPS, (2018). Geo-Positioning System (GPS). Garmin extres 12 channel Garmin.
Heuze, H., Tran, G., Noziere, P., Bastianelli, D. and Lebas, F. (2015). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) forage. Feedipedia, a programme by Food and Agicultura Organization. Retrieved from http://www.feedipedia.org/node.23 on 17 November 2017.
IAR. (2015). Released Variety Descriptors. Institute for Agricultural research, Samaru, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and rural Development. Ahmadu Bello University Zaria-Nigeria. Pp 69-73.
IAR. (2018). Institute for Agricultural Research. Ahmadu Bello University (A. B. U) meterological station.
IITA. (2003). Crop and farming systems. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Inaizume, H., Singh, B. B., Sanginga, P. C., Manyong, M. L., Adesina, A. A. and Tarrawali, S. (1999). Adoption and Impact of dry season Dual purpose Cowpea in the semi aridzone of Nigeria. HTA, Ibadan, Nigeria, Pp 16.
Ishiaku. Y. M., Hassan, M. R., Tanko, R. J., Amodu, J. T., Abdu, S. B., Ahmed, S. A., Abubakar, S. A., Lasisi, O. T., Bala, A. G., Bello, S. S. and Ibrahim, H. (2016). Effect of plant spacings on yield and quality of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) under rainfed condition in Shika, Nigeria. Journal of Animal Production Research, 28(1): 318-328.
Kamara, A. Y., Ellis-Jones, J., Ekeleme, F., Omoigui, L. O., Amaza, P., Chikoye, D and Dugje, I. Y. (2010). A Participatory Evaluation of Improved Cowpea Cultivars in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna Zones of Northeast Nigeria. Archive of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56 (3): 355-358.
Kumar, A., Yadav, P. K., Yadav, R. K., Singh, R. and Yadav, H. K. (2012). Growth, biomass production and quality characters of cowpea as influenced by phosphorus and sulphur fertilization on loamy sands of semi-arid sub tropics. Asian Journal of Soil Sciences, 7(1): 80-83.
Lemma, G. W., Worku, W. and Woldemichael, A. (2009). Moisture and Planting Density Interactions Affect Productivity in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Journal of Agronomy, 8: 117-123.
Madamba, R., Grubben, G. J. H., Asante, I. K. and Akromah, R. (2006). Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Record from Protabase. Brink, M. & Belay, G. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands.
Musa, U. T. and Usman, T. H. (2016). Leaf area determination for maize (Zea mays L), Okra (Abelmoschus escidentus L) and Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L), Crops using Linear Measurements. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. Vol.6, No.4.
Nkaa, F. A., Nwokeocha, O. W. and Ihuoma, O. (2014). Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Journal of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences, 9: 74-82.
Nziguheba, G., Zingore, S., Kihara, J., Merckx, R., Njoroge, S. and Otinga, A. (2016). Phosphorus in smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: implications for agricultural intensification. Nutritional Cycle of Agroecosystem, 104: 321–340.
Ogbonnaya, C. I., Sarr, B., Brou, C., Diouf, O., Diop, N. N. and Roy-Macauley, H. (2003). Selection of cowpea genotypes in hydroponics, pots and field for drought tolerance. Crop Science, 43: 3, 1114–1120.
Osodeke, V. E. (2005). Determination of phosphorus requirements of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the acid soils of south eastern Nigeria using sorption isotherms. Global Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(2): 135-138.
Pande, S. Bandyopa, R. Bliimmel, M. Narayana, R. J. Thomas, D. and Navi. S. S. (2003). Disease management factors influencing yield and quality of sorghum and groundnut crop residues. Field Crops Research, 84: 89-103.
Petu-Ibikunle, A. M., Abba-Mani, F. and Odo. P. E. (2008). Determination of Rate and time of Nitrogen Application on Cowpea variety in the Sudan Savannah zone. International Journal of Academic focus series 1(1): 13-21.
SAS. (2003). SAS/STAT. Guide for personal computer version, 6th Edition. Statistical Analysis System Institute, Inc. Cary, North Carolina, USA.
Tarawali, S. A., Tarawali, G., Larbi, A. and Hanson, J. (1995). Methods for the Evaluation of Legumes, Grasses and Fodder Trees for Use as Livestock Feed. ILRI Manual 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. Pp 1-12
Waraich, E. A., Ahmad, Z., Ahmad, R.S. and Ashraf, M. Y (2015). Foliar applied phosphorous enhanced growth, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes and PUE in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition. 38(12):1929–1943.
Zhang, Z., Liao, H. and Lucas, W. J. (2014). Molecular mechanisms underlying phosphate sensing, signaling, and adaptation in plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 56: 192–22.
Published
2021-05-01
How to Cite
Bala, A. G., Hassan, M. R., Tanko, R. J., Hassan, A. H., Bature, M.S., Mohammed, A., Alhabib, I. K., & Salihu, A.I. (2021). Effects of Irrigation Schedule and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Forage Yield of Two Cowpea Varieties in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 4(1), 10 - 18. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/128
Section
Articles
